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Chp 16 bio
how evolution works
25
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2011

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Term
The Galápagos Islands have played a significant role in the development of evolutionary thinking for more than 150 years. Which of the following is not an example of evolutionary change that has been studied using species from the Galápagos?
Definition
breeding of new plant varieties from a single wild species
Term
Science has never actually observed the process of evolutionary change in species
Definition
False
Term
Biological evolution is best defined as
Definition
the change in genetic characteristics of populations over time.
Term
Which of the following species is a product of artificial selection?
Definition
broccoli
Term
Again refer to Figure 16.7 in the textbook. If you were to plot the cytochrome c data for a frog on this graph, where would it most likely be placed in relationship to the other animals?
Definition
between the tuna and the rattlesnake
Term
Among individuals, the ultimate source of heritable differences fueling natural selection is
Definition
gene mutation.
Term
Anteaters and some whales lack teeth as adults. The presence of teeth in the embryos of these creatures is evidence that
Definition
these species share a common ancestry with animals that have adult teeth.
Term
Consider two different species of turtle. These organisms
Definition
were likely formed through natural selection.
Term
According to the definition of evolution, which of the following has undergone this process?

-organisims
-cars
-computors
-hair
Definition
all the above.
Term
The evolutionary effects of genetic drift are
Definition
usually random and unpredictable.
Term
With which of the following statements would an evolutionary biologist agree?
Definition
Mutations provide the foundation for evolutionary change.
Term
Which of the following does not have a direct effect on the process of biological evolution?
Definition
techniques for determining the age of fossils
Term
The evolution of horses shown in Figure 16.6 in the textbook is a good example of the evolutionary process because it
Definition
provides solid fossil evidence in favor of evolution.
Term
Based on the information in Figure 16.4a in the textbook, which of the following organisms should have five digits and the same set of arm bones?

chimps
cats
squirrels
dolphins
Definition
all the above.
Term
Most religious leaders today view evolution and religion as compatible.
Definition
True
Term
Refer to Figure 16.12 in the textbook. Which of the following do all of these birds have in common?
Definition
All are descended from a common ancestor.
Term
Modern evidence strongly supports the evolutionary prediction that organisms should possess signs of their common ancestry with other organisms.
Definition
True
Term
Which of the following is an example of a shared characteristic between species that exists because of common evolutionary descent?
Definition
the number and type of bones in the limbs of vertebrates
Term
Darwin’s The Origin of Species first appeared in
Definition
1859.
Term
The evidence supporting biological evolution includes

fossils
patterns of embryological development
shared anatomical characteristics
molecular similarities
Definition
all above.
Term
Many bizarre plants and animals inhabit the Galápagos Islands, as young Charles Darwin observed when he visited there in the early 1830s. Which of the following is the most likely reason that oceanic islands often have such unusual inhabitants?
Definition
Islands are isolated and thus susceptible to strong natural selection.
Term
When natural selection is operating, which of the following is likely to occur?
Definition
Individuals within a population may have greater survival than others.
Term
With which of the following statements would Darwin most likely disagree?
Definition
Evolution is best viewed as a purposeful and directed change over time.
Term
The rudimentary hind legs of a python and the fully functional legs of other reptiles are
Definition
shared characteristics that result from common descent.
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