Term
| What are the 4 characteristics of Phylum Chordata? |
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Definition
1. dorsal hollow nerve cord
2. notochord (support rod under the nerve cord)
3. pharyngeal pouches (paired structures in the throat)
4. a tail that extends beyond anus |
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Term
| What are two examples of invertebrate chordates? |
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Definition
1. Subphylum Urochordata - tunicates (sea squirts)
2. Subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets (amphioxus) |
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Term
| What does the vertebral column protect in vertebrates? |
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Definition
| protects the dorsal nerve cord |
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Term
| What do the pharyngeal pouches become in vertebrates? |
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Definition
| the pharyngeal pouches become gills or throat structures |
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Term
| What are the general characteristics of fish? |
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Definition
1. An aquatic vertebrate
2. Most have paired fins
3. Scales
4. Gills |
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Term
Fish Circulation:
1. Open or closed?
2. How many loops does it have?
3. How many chambers does it have?
4. What is the purpose of the atrium?
5. Where is the sinus venosus located? |
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Definition
1. Closed
2. Single Loop
3. 2 chambers - 1 atrium and 1 ventricle
4. Atrium recieves blood
5. Sinus venosus is a holding sac before the atrium |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the kidneys in fish? |
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Definition
| to rid of nitrogenous wastes in the form of ammonia |
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Term
| What are the 2 things that control good sense of smell in fish? |
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Definition
1. Olfactory lobe
2. Cerebrum |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cerebellum in fish? |
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Definition
| the cerebellum coordinates body movements |
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Term
| What is the purpose and location of the lateral line in fish? |
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Definition
Purpose - sensory receptors for motion detection
Location - outside the fish |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the swim bladder in fish? |
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Definition
| the swim bladder adjusts bouyancy |
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Term
| What is the integument in fish? |
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Definition
1. Scales - disks of bone
2. Mucus - covers scales |
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Term
| What is oviparous and does it utilize internal or external fertilization in fish? |
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Definition
1. Oviparous - eggs hatch outside females body, young feed from yolk of egg
2. External |
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Term
| What are the 3 classes of fish? |
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Definition
1. Class Agnatha - jawless fish
2. Class Chondrichthyes - sharks, rays, and skates
3. Class Osteichthyes - (bony fish) perch, flounder, catfish, etc. |
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Term
| What are the 3 main characteristics in the Class Agnatha? |
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Definition
1. no true teeth or jaw
2. keep notochord as adults (does not become vertebral column)
3. endoskeleton is made of cartilage |
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Term
| What type of eater is the adult amphibian? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cloaca? |
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Definition
| an exit for digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or sperm |
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Term
| How do tadpoles and adult amphibians exchange gases? |
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Definition
Tadpoles - gills
Adults - lungs, skin, and lining of mouth cavity |
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Term
Amphibian Circulation:
1. Open or closed?
2. How many loops does it have?
3. how many chambers (name them) does it have?
4. Where does deoxygenated and oxygenated blood mix? |
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Definition
1. Closed
2. Double loop
3. 3 chambers - 2 atria and 1 ventricle
4. Ventricle |
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Term
| Is amphibian reproduction external or internal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| External fertilization where a male amphibian clasps the female around the abdomen |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the jelly around amphibian eggs? |
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Definition
1. Protects eggs
2. Provides food for tadpoles
3. Keeps eggs at constant temperature |
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Term
| What is the location and purpose of they tympanic membrane on frogs? |
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Definition
Location - Behind eyes
Purpose - they are the ear drums |
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Term
| What is the integument of amphibians? |
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Definition
1. moist, smooth skin, no scales
2. webbed feet, no claws |
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Term
| Describe the Order Urodela |
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Definition
1. They consist of salamanders and newts
2. They have longs tails throughout life
3. They have long bodies
4. 2 pairs of legs |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Legless animals that live in mud or water |
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Term
| What is the integument of reptiles? |
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Definition
1. Dry, thick skin with scales or plates
2. If legs are present - they have claws |
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Term
| How do reptiles exchange gases? |
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Definition
| 1. Well-developed lungs (sometimes only one lung in snakes) |
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Term
| How many heart chambers do crocodiles and alligators have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do land dwelling reptiles excrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do some reptiles detect chemicals and heat? |
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Definition
| some contain sense organs on top of mouth |
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Term
| Are reptiles endothermic or ectothermic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 type of snake movements? |
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Definition
1. Lateral undulation - "S" curves, for crawling
2. Caterpillar - crawl into hole, up trees, etc.
3. Sidewinding - desert snakes - sideways loops |
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Term
| What is the type of reproduction in reptiles? |
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Definition
| mostly internal fertilization and oviparous |
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Term
| What is the purpose of amnion? |
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Definition
| Amnion surrounds and cushions the embryo in amniotic eggs |
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Term
| What is the purpose of chorion? |
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Definition
| gas exchange in amniotic eggs |
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Term
| What are the general characteristics of lizards? |
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Definition
1. legs, clawed toes, external ears, moveable eyes
2. Gila monster and bearded lizard are the only poisonous lizards
3. Komodo dragon - largest living lizard (can grow up to 10 ft. long and weigh 308 lbs.) |
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Term
| What are 2 examples of poisonous lizards? |
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Definition
1. Gila monster
2. Bearded lizard |
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Term
| What is an elapid with neurotoxin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 orders of reptiles? |
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Definition
1. Order Crocodilians - crocodiles and alligators
2. Order Testudines - turtles
3. Order Sphenodonta - tuatara (Sphenodon)
4. Order Squamata - lizards and snakes |
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Term
| What is the carapace in a turtle? |
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Definition
| backbone fused to top shell |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a tuatara's 3rd eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an endothermic animal? |
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Definition
| birds - generate their own body heat |
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Term
| What is the order of food through a bird's digestive tract? |
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Definition
| insects, seeds, meat, nectar |
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Term
| How do birds exchange gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the form of excretion in birds? |
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Definition
| kidneys, uric acid to cloaca (no urinary bladder) |
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Term
| What are 2 excellent senses in birds and what are 2 poor ones? |
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Definition
Excellent - color vision and hearing
Poor - taste and smell |
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Term
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Definition
| thin, hollow, light, strong (some fused) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of contour feathers? |
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Definition
| streamline and color bird |
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Term
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Definition
| to maintain and waterproof feathers |
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Term
| What are 3 characteristics of bird reproduction? |
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Definition
1. Internal fertilization
2. One ovary
3. Amniotic eggs |
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Term
| What is a precocial bird? |
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Definition
| birds that are active as soon as they are born |
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Term
| What was birdlike about Archaeopteryx? |
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Definition
1. beak
2. bony tail
3. toes and claws
4. feathers |
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Term
| How are birds separated into orders? |
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Definition
| based on beaks, feet, color, and diet |
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