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Invertebrates-tunicates and lancelets; have notochord, gill slits
Vertebrates-fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals; internal bony skeleton: backbone encasing spinal column, skull-encased brain; deuterostome |
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| Body structure: bony & cartilaginous skeleton, jaws & paired appendages (fins), scales; body function: gills for gas exchange, two-chambered heart, single loop blood circulation, ectotherms; reproduction: external fertilization, external development in aquatic egg |
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| Body structure: legs (tetrapods), moist skin; body function: lungs (positive pressure) & diffusion through skin for gas exchange, three-chambered heart (veins from lungs back to heart), ectotherms; reproduction: external fertilization, external development in aquatic egg, metamorphosis |
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| Body structure: dry skin, scales, armor; body function: lungs for gas exchange, thoracic breathing, negative pressure, three-chambered heart, ectotherms; reproduction-internal fertilization, external development in amniotic egg |
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| Body structure-feathers & wings, thin, hollow bone, flight skeleton; body function: very efficient luungs & air sacs, four-chambered heart, endotherms; reproduction: internal fertilization, external development in amniotic egg |
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| Body structure: hair, specialized teeth; body function: lungs, diaphragm, negative pressure, four-chambered heart, endotherms; reproduction: internal fertilization, internal development in uterus, nourishment through placenta, birth live young, mammary glands make milk |
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| Egg-laying mammals; lack placenta & true nipples; duckbilled platypus, echinda |
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| Pouched mammals-offspring feed from nipples in pouch; short-lived placenta; koala, kangaroo, opossum |
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| True placenta-nutrient & waste filter; shrews, bats, whales, humans |
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| Name the six living chordate groups |
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| Nonvertebrate chordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals |
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| 3 features vertebrates need to control body temperature |
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| 1. A source of heat for the body 2. A way to conserve heat 3. A method of eliminating excess heat when necessary |
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| An animal whose body temperature is controlled from within; high metabolic rates that generate a significant amount of heat; have feathers, body fat, or hair for insulation; cools off by panting or sweating |
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| An animal whose body temperature is mainly determined by the temperature of its environment; low metabolic rate; easily lose heat to the environment; warm up by basking in the sun; reptiles fishes, and amphibians |
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| Vertebrates that typically have short digestive tracts that produce enzymes |
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| Bubblelike structures in the lungs that provide an enormous surface area for gas exchange |
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| Chordates that use gills have what type of circulatory system? |
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| Single-loop circulatory system |
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| Where is blood carried in first loop? Second loop? |
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| Between the heart and lungs; between the heart and body |
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| In vertebrates with gills, the heart consists of how many chambers? |
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| Which chordate eliminates nitrogenous wastes as urea? |
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| Part of the brain that controls the function of many internal organs. |
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| Vertebrate evolution shows general trend from internal fertilization to external fertilization. |
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| Eggs develop internally and the embryos receive nutrients from the yolk surrounding them |
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| Flexible, supporting structure |
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| The rapid diversification of species as they adapt to new conditions |
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