Term
| What are the four things that distinguish chordates from other animals? Describe each. |
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Definition
Notorchord - long rod of cells and fluid surrounded by fibrous tissues which runs the length of the body
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord - formed through the ectoderm called the neural plate
Pharyngeal slits - walls of pharynx form arches
Post-anal tail - extension of nerve cord and notochord pas the anus |
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Term
| Where to cephalochordates live? |
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Definition
| warm temperate and tropical marine environments |
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Term
| Are the gill slits gills? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does water exit in the cephalochordata? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| V-shaped segments of muscle blocks responsible for movement |
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Term
| What is the genus of lancelet? |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: the posterior end portrudes when lancelets burrow in the sandy bottom of the ocean |
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Definition
| FALSE - anterior end portrudes |
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Term
| What kind of animal makes up the most of chordata? |
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Definition
| Bony Fish -- Osteichthyes |
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Term
| How are vertebrata characterized? |
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Definition
| vertebral column and vertebrae |
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Term
| what is the dorsal hollow nerve cord called in vertebrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the vertebral column replace? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is another distinguishing factor of vertebrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do neural folds form? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the neural tube form? |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| what are somites made of and what do they give rise to? |
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Definition
| they are made of mesoderm and give rise to the notochord |
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Term
| do vertebrates show segmentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| is segmentation derived or basal? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the vertebrate skeleton divided into? (2 parts) |
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Definition
| axial and appendicular skeleton |
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Term
| what does the axial skeleton contain? |
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Definition
| the cranium (and brain) and the mandible (lower jaw). collectively called the skull |
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Term
| name the four types of vertebrae in Classes Amphibia, Reptilia, and Aves. also describe where each is found |
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Definition
| cervical (neck), dorsal (back), sacral (hip) and caudal (tail) |
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Term
| Class Mammalia is even further differentiated into vertebrae regions. Name these two regions. |
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Definition
| Thoracic (rib bearing) and lumbar (without ribs) |
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Term
| What forms the appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
| the girdles and the limbs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| in the skull, what are the bone joints called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the foramen magnum? |
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Definition
| large hole at the bottom of the skull leading into the braincase |
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Term
| what are on the edges of the foramen magnum? |
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Definition
| occipital condyles, which attach to the first vertebra in the neck |
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Term
| distinguish between condyle and process |
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Definition
condyle - convex surface which attaches to an adjoining bone
process - protruding site of muscle attachment |
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Term
| what are the two most prominent features in the cranium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the name of the roof of the mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the turbinate bones? |
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Definition
| bones within the nasal passages which increase surface area to improve respiratory, olfactory, and immunological function |
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Term
| mammals are called what? (in relation to their teeth) |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: Other organisms besides mammals chew their food |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| front teeth used for nipping |
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Term
| canines are actually called what? what are they used for? |
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Definition
| carnassial teeth are used for piercing and tearing flesh? |
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Term
| premolars and molars are used for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the gap called between incisors and premolars? |
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Definition
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Term
| animals with forward-facing orbits are said to have... |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE/FALSE: dentition is used to classify mammals |
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Definition
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Term
| what is used to accommodate large tongues? |
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Definition
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Term
| the mandibular condyle meets at a point above the teeth called the... |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the zygomatic arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does a wide zygomatic arch indicate? |
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Definition
| a strongly developed masseter muscle |
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