Term
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Definition
| Agonist at all AChRs (duh.) Limited clinical use: used intraocularly to produce miosis, intracoronary use causes vasodilation, can be used to diagnose vasospastic angina. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be used to diagnose asthma through a challenge test. Inhalation of this drug causes bronchoconstriction by acting at muscarinics. Must be used very carefully. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treatment for wide-angle glaucome when other cholinomimetics have failed. Causes pupillary contraction and relief of intraocular pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used postoperatively to reduce bladder/bowel distension (BBB). Can be used as an alternative to pilocarpine for treatment of xerostomia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva. Used for wide-angle glaucoma and to treat xerostomia. Also used for emergency treatment of narrow-angle glaucoma with an AChE inhibitor (although this condition requires immediate surgical attention). Prolonged use can cause reduced night vision and difficulty in focusing on far objects. |
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Term
| Side effects of choline esters |
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Definition
| All related to activity at muscarinics (and nicotinics in the case of carbachol) - diarrhea, decreased blood pressure, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle, lacrimation, salivation and sweating (DDUMBBELSS) |
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Term
| Contraindications for choline ester use |
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Definition
| Asthma, COPD, urinary obstruction and peptic ulcers/disease can all be exacerbated with use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poisoning with this compound from mushrooms develops rapidly (30-60 mins) and can be readily reversed with atropine. Symptoms are salivation and lacrimation, nausea and vomiting, headache and visual disturbances, bronchospasm, bradycardia and hypotension, shock. |
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