Term
| 1. What type of cells contain chloroplasts? |
|
Definition
| Plant cells and some algae contain chloroplasts. |
|
|
Term
| 2. What is the energy autotrophs (organisms that make their own food like plants) use to make their own food? |
|
Definition
| Autotrophs use the sunlight to make their own food. |
|
|
Term
| 3. The food making process is called ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| The raw materials for photosyntheis are carbon dioxide, water, and energy. |
|
|
Term
| 5. What simple sugar is produced during photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6. What gas is used during photosynthesis?
What gas is released during photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
Used? Carbon Dioxide
Released? Oxygen |
|
|
Term
| 7. Where are most photsynthetic cells in plants found? |
|
Definition
| Most photosynthetic cells in plants are found in the leaves. |
|
|
Term
| 8. About how many chloroplasts can be found in photosynthetic cells? |
|
Definition
| Thousands of chlorplasts can be found in photosynthetic cells. |
|
|
Term
| 9. How many membranes surround a chloroplast? |
|
Definition
| The chloroplast is a double membrane-bound structure, so two membranes surround it. |
|
|
Term
| 10. The outer membrane of a chloroplast is ___________. |
|
Definition
| The outer membrane is smooth. |
|
|
Term
| 11. The INDIVIDUAL SACS formed by the inner membrane of chloroplasts are called ______________ and are arranged in ______________ like pancakes. |
|
Definition
| The INDIVIDUAL SACS formed by the inner membrane are called thylakoids and are arranged in stacks like pancakes. |
|
|
Term
| 12. What pigment is found inside a thylakoid? What color will it be? |
|
Definition
| The pigment found inside the thylakoid is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment. |
|
|
Term
| 13. Other pigments that trap sunlight in chloroplasts are called _________ pigments. What colors are these pigments? |
|
Definition
| Other pigments that trap sunlight are called accessory pigments. Accessory pigments are red, orange, yellow, and brown. |
|
|
Term
| 14. Stacks of thylakoids are called _________ (plural) or granum (singular). |
|
Definition
| 14. Stacks of thylakoids are called grana (plural) or granum (singular). |
|
|
Term
| 15. Stacks or grana are connected to each other by _________. |
|
Definition
| Stacks or grana are connected to each other by lamellae. |
|
|
Term
| 16. Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell? |
|
Definition
| Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell, because they "burn" or break the chemical bonds of glucose to release energy to do work in a cell. |
|
|
Term
| 17. What cell process occurs in mitochondria? |
|
Definition
| The cell process that occurs in mitochondria is aerobic cellular respiration. |
|
|
Term
| 18. Why do some cells have MORE mitochondria than others? Give an example. |
|
Definition
| Some cells have more mitochondria than others, because some cells are more active. A great example is a muscle cell. |
|
|
Term
| 19. What simple sugar is broken down in the mitochondria? |
|
Definition
| The simple sugar broken down in mitochondria is glucose. |
|
|
Term
| 20. Where does energy in glucose come from ORIGINALLY? |
|
Definition
| The energy in glucose originally comes from the sun. |
|
|
Term
| 21. Where is this energy stored in glucose? |
|
Definition
| The energy in glucose is stored in the chemical bonds. |
|
|
Term
| 22. Why is cellular respiration an aerobic process? |
|
Definition
| Cellular respiration is an aerobic process, because it requires oxygen. |
|
|
Term
| 23. What energy is released when the chemical bonds of glucose are broken? |
|
Definition
| When the chemical bonds in glucose are broken, ATP is released for the cell to use. |
|
|
Term
| 24. Name two other organelles besides the mitochondria that contain DNA and have a double membrane. |
|
Definition
| Two other organelles that contain DNA and have a double membrane are chlorplasts and the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| 25. Describe the outer membrane of the mitochondria. |
|
Definition
| The outer membrane of the mitochondria is smooth. |
|
|
Term
| 26. Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded? |
|
Definition
| The inner mitochondrial membrane is convoluted into folds to increase surface area. |
|
|
Term
| 27. What are the folds of a mitochondria called? |
|
Definition
| The convoluted folds are called cristae. |
|
|
Term
| 28. What does ATP stand for? |
|
Definition
| ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. |
|
|
Term
| 29. What three main things make up an ATP molecule? |
|
Definition
| Three things that make up an ATP molecule are the nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. |
|
|
Term
| 30. How many high-energy bonds are found in ATP? |
|
Definition
| ATP has two high-energy bonds. |
|
|
Term
| 31. Where are the high-energy bonds found in ATP? |
|
Definition
| The high-energy bonds are found between the phosphate groups. |
|
|
Term
| 32. What helps weaken these bonds so energy can be released and then later help reform them? |
|
Definition
| Enzymes help weaken these bonds so energy can be released and then later help reform them. |
|
|
Term
| 33. When ATP loses a phosphate group _________ is released for cells and ta molecule of ________ forms. |
|
Definition
| When ATP loses a phosphate group energy is released for cells and ta molecule of ADP forms. |
|
|
Term
| 34. What is the energy molecule of the cell called? |
|
Definition
| The energy molecule of the cell is called ATP. |
|
|
Term
| 35. What macromolecule made by plants is "burned" in the mitochondria. |
|
Definition
| In the mitochondria, glucose and other carbohydrates are "burned" during cellular respiration. |
|
|
Term
| 36. Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast? |
|
Definition
| Within the chloroplast, chlorophyll is found in the thylakoids. |
|
|
Term
| 37. In which part of the plant would you expect to find the most chloroplasts and why? |
|
Definition
| You would expect to find the most chloroplasts within the leaves, because photosyntheis occurs in the leaves of plants. |
|
|
Term
| 38. How would the number of mitochondria in an insect's wing compare to the amount found in the other cells in an insect's body? Explain. |
|
Definition
| The number of mitochondria found in an insect's wing would be more numerous, because the insect's primary mode of locomotion are the wings (muscle cells in the wings help it move.) |
|
|
Term
| 39. What are the raw materials of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| The raw materials of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and energy. |
|
|
Term
| 40. What product of photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
| The product of photosynthesis used in cellular respiration is glucose (sugar). |
|
|
Term
| 41. What is the advantage of having a folded inner membrane of the mitochondria. |
|
Definition
| A mitochondria has a folded inner membrane to increase the surface area. |
|
|
Term
| 42. What is the energy for photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| The energy for photosynthesis is the sunlight. |
|
|
Term
| 43. Besides chlorophyll, what other pigments are found in chloroplasts? |
|
Definition
| Besides chlorophyll, red, orange, brown, and yellow accessory pigments are found in chloroplasts. |
|
|
