Term
Chlamydia trachomatis
reservoir
morphology
transmission
life cycle
virulence
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
humans
gram-neg, but lacks peptidoglycan layer and muramic acid
direct person contact
primarily affects the eyes, genitals, lungs
Poor hygiene
1. elementary body (EB): infects *endosome*
2. initial (reticulate) body: after EB enters cell, it transforms into IB
-larger, fragile
-can reproduce via binary fission
-requires host ATP
-IB transforms back into EB, which leaves to infect other cells
*Chlaymdia are obligate intracellular parasites - steal ATP from host with ATP/ADP translocator
Resistant to lysozyme (CW lacks muramic acid)
prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion
non-motile
no pili
no exotoxins
Serotypes A,B,C:
Trachoma, scarring of inner eyelid, corneal scarring & blindness
D-K:
Inclusion conjunctivitis (opthalmia neonatorum)
Infant pneumonia
Urethritis, cervicitis and PID in women
Nongonococcal urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis in men
Complications of infxn:
sterility, ectopic rpegnancy, chronic pain due to PID
Reiter's syndrome: conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
Perihepatitis
L1, L2, L3:
*lymphogranuloma venereum*
Can't be grown on artificial media - use yolk sacs
Inclusion conjunctivitis: scrapings will show intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies; stain with iodine or Giemsa
Gram stain of genital secretions WON'T show gram-neg intracellular diplococci (that would be N. gonorrhoae)
PCR, immunofluorescence, serology |
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Term
Chlamydia psitacci
reservoir
transmission
life cycle
virulence
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
birds & poultry
bird feces dry out, fecal particles are inhaled, infecting the lungs
similar to C. trachomatis - EB infects, IB reproduces using host ATP
same virulence - lysozyme-resistant, no phago-lyso fusion, non-motile, no pili or exotoxins
Psittacosis: viral-like atypical pneumo, fever and dry, non-productive cough (similar to a Mycoplasma pneumo)
Serology
Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies don't stain with iodine |
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Term
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
reservoir
transmission
metabolism
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
human to human
respiratory route
life cycle similar to C. trachomatis
atypical pneumonia: viral-like atypical pneumo in young adults
Serology: elevated titers of Ab with complement fixation
Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies don't stain with iodine |
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Term
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Definition
arthropod vector (except Q fever)
obligate intracellular parasites - use host ATP
grow in cytoplasm (Chlamydia replicates in endosome)
non-motile, no exotoxins
damages endothelial cells lining BV
culture: chick yolk sac, can't be grown on artificial media (except Bartonella)
Serology
Weil-Felix rxn |
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Term
Rickettsia rickettsii
reservoir
transmission
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
dogs, rabbits, wild rodents
wood or dog tick
NOT a platelet disorder - a BV disorder caused by bacteria in the vasculature
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: fever, conjunctival infxn, severe headache, rash on wrists, ankles, soles and palms initially, more generalized latere (petechiae is caused by endothelial invasion, proliferation, rupture)
PE, immunofluorescent of skin biopsy, serology
Weil-Felix: + OX-19, + OX-2 |
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Term
Rickettsia prowazekii
reservoir
transmission
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
humans, flying squirrels
human body louse
Epidemic Louse-borne Typhus: abrupt fever & headache, *rash which spares the palms/soles/face,* delirium, stupor, gangrene of hands or feet
Brill-Zinsser Disease: reactivation of R. prowazekii, mild symptoms, no rash
Weil-Felix: + OX-19
Serology |
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Term
Rickettsia typhi
reservoir
transmission
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
rats, small rodents
rat flea
Endemic (Murine) Typhus: fever, headache, rash
Weil-Felix: + OX-19 |
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Term
Bartonella henselae
Metabolism
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
Not an obligate intracellular parasite
Cat-scratch disease
Serology |
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Term
Coxiella burnetii
reservoir
transmission
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
cattle, sheep, goats
exception: no arthropod vector required
direct airborne transmission of endospore from cow hide or dried placenta, or consumption of contaminated unpasteurized cow milk
Exception: can grow with phagolysosomes
Has an endospore form
Q fever: fever, headache, viral-like pneumonia; *only rickettsial disease w/o a skin rash*
Complications: hepatitis, endocarditis
complement fixation test demonstrating rise in Ab |
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Term
Ehrlichia ss
reservoir
transmission
clinical
diagnostics |
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Definition
Dogs
ticks
Human Ehrlichiosis: similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but rash is rare
rise in acute and convaslescent Ab titers
characteristic ehrlichial inclusion bodies sometimes seen in leukocytes on blood smear |
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