Term
| What are the characteristics of Chlamydia? |
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Definition
| grow intracellularly in a vacuole and require ATP from host cell |
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Term
| What are the two forms of spores in the Chlamydia replicative cycle? |
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Definition
- elementary body
- metabolically inactive, extracellular
- infect host cells
- reticulate body
- fragile intracellular form
- grows in size and divides (1-3 days) to form hundreds of new elementary bodies
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Term
| How is psittacosis contracted? |
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Definition
| humans inhale dust from infected birds |
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Term
| What is the clinical presentation of Chlamydia psittaci? |
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Definition
| psittacosis: acute pneumonia with systemic complications, occasionally fatal |
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Term
| How is Chlamydia psittaci treated? |
|
Definition
| tetracycline or erythromycin |
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Term
| Which organism, Chlamydia psittaci or Chlamydia pneumonia, is not zoonotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Chlamydia pneumoniae cause? |
|
Definition
| pharyngitis, bronchitis, and 10% of community acquired pneumonia |
|
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Term
| What is a possible complication of Chlamydia pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How is Chlamydia pneumoniae diagnosed? |
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Definition
| PCR of sputum, or high antibody titers |
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Term
| What is the most important pathogen from the Chlamydia genus and what are the three major subgroups? |
|
Definition
Chlamydia trachomatis:
- strains L1, L2, L3
- strains A, B, Ba, C
- strains D-K
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|
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Term
| What do strains L1, L2, and L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis cause? |
|
Definition
lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
cervicitis, proctitis |
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Term
| Which strains of Chlamydia trachomatis cause non-sexually-transmitted ocular trachoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which strains of Chlamydia trachomatis cause the most common sexually transmitted infection in industrialized nations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a chronic conjunctivitis that often occurs in poor, third-world countries
- inflammatory response to chronic infection leads to corneal destruction and blindness |
|
|
Term
| In what population group are Chlamydia trachomatis infections especially common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About how many cases of Chlamydia are estimated in the USA annually? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Why is Chlamydia trachomatis infection known as "the silent epidemic"?
|
|
Definition
| Beacuse the majority of infected adults are asymptomatic or have minimal symptoms |
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Term
What are some complications of Chlamydia in males?
|
|
Definition
| urethritis and epididymitis, reduced fertility |
|
|
Term
| How does Chlamydia affect sperm? |
|
Definition
- DNA fragmentation (3x more than in healthy)
- less concentrated
- poor ability to swim
- defects in shape
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|
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Term
| How does Chlamydia trachomatis infection affect females? |
|
Definition
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- chronic pelvic pain
- ectopic pregnancy
- cervicitis
- infertility due to Fallopian tube scarring
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|
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Term
| What are some complications of Chlamydia trachomatis in birth and in newborns delivered through an infected birth canal? |
|
Definition
- preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes
- neonatal conjunctivitis
- neonatal pneumonia
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|
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Term
| How is Chlamydia trachomatis infection treated? |
|
Definition
- primary: doxycycline, azithromycin
- secondary: erythromycin, olfoxacin
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Term
| What are the diagnostic techniques used for Chlamydia trachomatis? |
|
Definition
| PCR is the most sensitive and specific; others are becoming obsolete |
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Term
| What is the specimen of choice for males undergoing a Chlamydia test? |
|
Definition
first voided urine (urethral swab is refused)
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|
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Term
| What is the best specimen for Chlamydia testing for females? |
|
Definition
| cervix swabs, but first voided urine or self collected vaginal swabs are good too |
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Term
| What is the problem with rectal swabs for testing chlamydia infection? |
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Definition
| Stool can inhibit PCR and culture, so must select a lab which has self-validated their kit for rectal swabs |
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Term
| What specimens are used to test for Chlamydia in cases of eye infections or pneumonia? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the legal precedent for chlamydia in child abuse workups? |
|
Definition
| Must have two tests- culture |
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