1. Fastest Economic Growth. 2nd largest economy in the world. The growth rate is 10%/year

2. China has become a large factory in the world

3. Future business in China.  It is a must know about China and Chinese culture.

4. For world peace and development. Peaceful and harmonious relationship with China is to promote human development. (the ancient philosophy of china is peace and balance).

5. 5 thousand years history. Chinese civilization and its culture are wonderful to experience

6. A culturally diversified country of 56 ethnic groups. Each with its own tradition

7. Vast territory and Beautiful sceneries worth your exploration

8. Friendly and hardworking chinese people you need to understand. In Canada

9. Mandarin Chinese is spoken by 1 billion. It is more and more popular in the world.

10. We need to know the truth about today's china.

2nd largest in the world

Growth rate 10%/year

Red with 5 stars (1 big, and 4 small ones to the right of it)

Red for revolution

Big star for communist people leading

little stars for different ethnic cultures

The March of Volunteers

Written by Tian Han

Music composed by Nie Er in 1935

Became National anthum in 1949

Nothern Hemisphere

In the East and Middle Asia

Along the West Coast of the Pacific Ocean

4

Bohai Sea

Yellow Sea

East China Sea

South China Sea

14 countries by land:

Russia

North Korea

Mongolia

Pakistan

India

Nepal

Vietnam

etc

Cross the seas:

Japan

South Korea
Philippines

Changjiang River 6300km (longest in china, 3rd in the world)

Yellow River 5464 km

Heilongjiang River (in heilongjiang province)

Pearl River

Yarlung Zambo River (in the west)

Tarim River (in the west)

Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau (where the Tibetan people live)

Inner Mongolian Plateau

Loess Highland

Himalayas Mountain Range ("land of Ice and Snow")

Qondanguana/Everest 8 844.43m

Northeast Plain

North China Plain

Middle and Lower Reaches of the Chanjiang River (Land of Rice and Fish)

RICE

Millet

Wheat

SOYBEAN

Jute

Cotton (1/5 of world output)

Hemp (1/2 of world output)

Tea

Silk

Chin=Qin (Largest empire and most powerful at the time)

China = Porcelain (1st producer of porcelain)

center of the world, self-sufficient

Xia Dynasty (prehistoric era)

a) crucial stage between Neolithic cultures and the Urban civilization, the Shang Dynasty

b) not the first documented history, but this is when they had used clay and stones for their houses and weapons

Shang Dynasty (The Dawn of history) (1700-1027BC)

a) first documented history

b) used Bronze

c) Inscriptions on Tortoise shells and oracle bones (this is where you find the ancient language)

The Zhou Dynasty (The longer feudal dynasty in history)

a)Set up feudal social system. Promoted familial ties and rituals to strengthen the central government

b) Valued Music at this time

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

a) Disunited and at wars, fought for leadership

b) cultural prosperity with great thinkers in this time period

c) Wife of the Yellow emporor discovered silk

d) the HUNDRED SCHOOLS OF THOUGHTS. (Confuncianism, Taoism, Legalism, Moism)

e) Qin Shihuang (emporor at the time)

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period

a) Conquered the 6 waring states, and unified china into 1 country in 221 BC

b) he codified the laws, standardized weights, currency and measurements

c) Initiated a system of written Chinese so that the language could be understood all over China

d) Brutal Ruling: Adopted Legalism

e) Burned books and buried Confuncian Scholars

f) killed anyone who was suspected disloyal

g) Built the Great Wall

h) built is royal Mausoleum (Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses)

i) Built the A Fang Palace

The Han Dynasty

Emperor Han Wudi

Territory Expanded

Unified Culture through Assimilation

Established a centralized government

Allowed People to Rehabilitate; sent farmers to settle in new colonized areas

Rejected various schools of thoughts and promoted Confucian Philosophy

Ideology: Family is centre of society; members should be loyal to the man, the head of the family

Social Development in Han Dynasty

Historian and Chronicle book:

Types of tools used, and farming techniques

what was produced

Historian: Si Maqian

Chronicle Book: Historical Records

Iron tools used

Farming techniques: 1000 years earlier than Europe

Silk Clothes were produced

The Han Dynasty Diplomatic Missions trip

(who, where, which region, which section of han dynasty, what did he do, what did he bring)

During the Western Han Dyasty, Zhan Qian traveled to the western region on diplomatic missions.  He brought with him 300 men, 600 horses, flocks, presents and silk (which was considered money at the time).

He went to the Western state of Wusun and brought back Wusun Envoys and the two countries were connected.

This caused a reinforcement of the relationship with the western countries.
This also promoted International trade between Han and Western Asia and Europe.

Full of deserts, sand and silk.

Main roads that the silk traveled for trade and commerce

The Armillary Sphere

Seismoscope by Zhang Heng

Treaties of Febrile, medical saint, Zhang Zhongjing

Hua Tuo, surgeon developed anesthesiology and surgical operation

What happened at the end of the Han Dynasty?

Was the Han Dynasty Rich or Poor?

A rebellion

Rich

Three Kingdoms Period

Wei, Shu, and Wu (at the end of the dynasty)

Novel: Romance of the 3 Kingdoms

Western and Eastern Jin

Southern and Northern Dynasties

Sui Unified China: Grand Canal Built

The Prosperous Tang Dynasty

618-907 AD

Successful emperor Tang Taizong

Economy flourished

(they relieved taxes and economy flourished)

Population grew fast

Society stable and peaceful

Most Powerful country

Good relationship with more than 300 countries

Xi'an City (world famous metropolitan) also known as Chang'an in the Han dynasty (terracotta warriors)

Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism coexisted

Empress Wu Zetian

Tang Tri-coloured pottery

Music and Dance developed

Buddhist Monk: Zuan Zang

Wu Zetian

Elevated Females social position

Had scholars write the history of famous Women

was a favourite concubine, killed her own son so that he didn't seize the throne from her

defeated enemies and cleared the road to the western regions

tang culture introduced to Japan, Korea, and west through middle Asia

Paper making was introduced to Europe and Asia

Zuan Zang

Went on a pilgramage to the west, India and studied Sutras

Traveled to 138 countries and spread Tang culture

17 years later he returned to Xi'an to translate Buddhist scriptures from Saskrit into Chinese

Translated Dao de Jing by Laozi into Saskrit

The Book: Great Tang Records on Western Regions

Novel: "Journey to the west"=Monkey king (written in the Ming Dynasty)

Country divided

5 dynasties

10 kingdoms

China lacks democracy, china was still feudal society

The Song Dynasty (960-1179 AD)

Big cities and towns

Rice and Teas output increased

Business and Handicraft industry

Hotels, restaurants, teahouses, and shops

Traffic system developped

Printing technique progressed

Gun Powder

Earliest Paper currency:Jiaozi

The movable Printing Technique

Liao Dynasty

Western Jia Dynasty

Jin Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty

Genghis Kan, and Kublai Khan (he was mongolian): let his people conquer some area of Europe and China, and then unified the whole country

From Mongolian Nationality

Employed Hans Officials

Promoted the laws of Han

Supported Confucianism all over the country

Educated the children with Han Culture

The Ming Dynasty

Beijing was built and expanded

Leading technology

Business and Handicraft developed

Porcelain and silk exported to europe and America, enjoyed favourable balance from international trade

Classical novels flourished

The Great Navigator, Zheng He

Great Navigator

7 voyages to the west

traveled over 30 countries in Asia and Africa

Largest fleet in the world

Did business with local people

Reinforced the friendship between the Ming Dynasty and the Western Countries

His Ships were burned and documents were destroyed, China didn't believe the seas/oceans had a large part in their world. They believed more in agriculture 

The Qing Dynasty (the last feudal dynasty in China)

Founded by Manchu Nationality

Stable and prosperous in the earlier years

Golden age and Self-sufficient

Feudal Monarchy vs Democracy system in the West

Late Qing Shut China out from other countries

Tea import and trade deficit in the UK (so upper class became weaker, the lower class became less satisfied)

Launched opium trade to china (the emperor refused all trade to other countries)

Chinese money flew out and consumer's health damaged (china was rich at the time, many royalty started smoking it, then many people among other classes started using it,... decreasing peoples health)

in 1839, Lin Zuxu was ordered to control the opium, so he went to one of the cities that were open to trading, Humen, and he confiscated the opium and burned it. This encouraged China to fight against this trade

In 1840, UK invaded China for interests, First opium war (because confiscated). In 1842, Hong Kong became a colony to the UK

1860

Semi-colonist and Semi-feudal Society

France and UK started 2nd opium war

invaded Beijing and plundered all the treasures and set fir to the Winter Palace

Dowage Cixi (princess) seized the ruling power (china's darkest time because she oppressed the people)

Many treaties were signed with great damage to China

In 1900, Franco-British Alliances set fire to the Winter Palace again

Xinhai Revolution: toward the Republic of China

Overthrew the late Qing and ended the feudal system

Set up the Republic of China and promoted the idea of democracy

Power was taken over by warlord

1935 - 8 years of Anti-Japanese War

the three years civil war between the communist party and the nationalist party

Oct. 1st 1949

Tian'anmen Square

Chairman Mao's declaration of the foundation of the New China

Independent Country

1966-1976

Worship of one leader

Scholars and intellectuals repressed, literary books destroyed

Productivity repressed (social included, anything international banned)

Economy fell back

International trade stopped

China thought they could build up their own country without the help of other countries

Women wore pratical green clothes (anything fashionable = women being a prostitute)

Practice fighting in daily life: fought against reactionist; people against one leader

When did China open up to the world?

Name of Policy?

What happened

1978

Opening up Policy

international trade revived

Metropolitans appeared

Social Market economy

Better education and living

Special policies in place to promote the traditions and culture of ethnic minorities

56 ethnic groups

Han Majority account for 91.59%

Population order:

Zhuang 15 million; Manchu 10.68 million;

Between 1 million and 10 million: Mongolia, Hui, Zang, Uyghur, Miao, Yi, Buyi, Korea

Distribution: Eastern areas

Religion: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism

Staple food: Rice and Wheat

Different cooking styles and 8 cuisines

Traditional Drinks: tea and alcohol

Southwest: Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan

Religion: polytheism

Different Branch, different clothes

Population relatively larger

Several branches

Speak and Write Miao language and Mandarin Chinese

Skilled at handicrafts: Miao embroidery and silver jewellery

New Rice Tasting festival

Other Festivals: Dragon Boat festival, Miao Spring Festival, Traditional Singing and Dancing, Religious Dancing

Love Songs and Dancing

Distribution: The Tibetan Plateau

Population: 5.4 Million

Religion: Tibeta Buddhism, also called Lamaism

Staple Foods: Tsamba (made of highland wheat (Qingke)), yak, butter tea, mutton and beef

Drinks: Qinke wine and milk tea

Language: majority speak mandarin, tibetan written language

Clothing: Men wear plaits on head, women wear plaits on the shoulders, they wear gowns with long sleeves, monks wear cassocks

Palace: Potala palace, Lhasa, Tibet

Tibetan Hada For friends and honoured guests

population 10 million

Location: Northwest China

Ancestors: Central Asians, Arabs, Persian

Religion: Islam

Languages: Arabic, Mandarin, Dungan, and other dialects

Big Mosque: in Ninxia Hui Autonomous region

Confuncian Laozi (born in spring and autumn period)(considered great thinker)

Love people, (this is humane, a man with this virtue is considered a gentleman --> love family, neighbours, friends, and all people and all living things in the world and around) --> collectivism

Personal refinement: Loyalty and Tolerance, be kind to others, desire to develop yourself and .: develop others; a gentleman helps others to receive, to succeed, to avoid misfortune

harmony between men and heaven; to unite them is harmony; heavenly way (have destination from heaven)

heaven is the creature of all living things

gentleman refines others, but doesn't follow them blankly

constrain yourself and follow social rules

Going too far same as not going far enough

FILIAL PIETY: taking care of parents as they have you, obeying those above you

Confuncianism Laozi

born in Qufu, Shangdong Province

High official of the state of Lu

Set up private school to teach students from different classes

Traveled to other states to spread his ideas

Returned to his country in later life

compiled and edited classics (works of art)

Lao Zi (originally Zi Er), born in state of Chu

Chief of the state library, a famous scholar

Dao de Jing = book of the way ... after his generation people wanted to make changes to his ideas and therefore added more into the book