Authoritarian party that has ruled China from 1949 to the present.

Philosophy attributed to Chinese sage Confucius emphasizing social harmony.

Mao's radical movement launced in the 1966 to regain political control from rivals resulting in a ddecade of social and political chaos.

Maoist program providing all Chinese citizens lifetime affiliation with a work unit governing all aspects of their lives.

Communist Party doctrine subordinating individual members to the party organization.

The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in the hands of the elite.

China's paramount leader (1978-1997) who launched China's policy of economic reform and opening.

Meditative martial arts movement founded in 1992, and was banned by the Chinese government in 1997 due to being an "evil cult."

China's roughly 150 million itinerant (traveling) peasants who left the countryside seeking urban employment.

Mao's disastrous effort (1958-1959) to modernize China through localized industrial production and agricultural communes.

Maoist program that tied all Chinese to a particular geographic location.

Deng's 1980's highly successful rural reform program that lowered production quotas and allowed the sale of surplus agricultural produce on the free market.

Period from 1956-1957 in which Mao encouraged intellectuals to offer criticism of national policy, followed by crackdown on critics.

China's current Communist Party leader and head of state.

Mao's promise of cradle-to-grave health care, work, and retirement security that has largeley disappeared under reform and opening.

Deng's successor in the 1990s as Communist Party leader and head of state.

China's Nationalist Party founded by Sun Yat-sen and led by Chiang Kai-shek, who was overthrown by Mao's Communists in 1949 and forced to flee to Taiwan.

The Communist Party's 3,000-mile heroic retreat (1934-1935) to northwestern China during its civil war with the Chinese Nationalist KMT.

Leader of the Chinese Communist revolution who dominated Chiense politics from the founding of the PRC until his death.

Student-led anti-imperialist cultural and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4th, 1919.

China's national legislature.

China's guarantee to Hong Kong of fifty-years of domestic autonomy as a "special administrative region" after the British colony was returned to China in 1997.

China's military.

Radicalized youth who served as Mao's shock troops during the Cultural Revolution.

Mao's policy favoring politically indocrinated party cadres (Reds) over those people who had economic training (experts).

Deng's economic liberalization policy, starting in the late 1970s.

Enclaves established since 1980 by the Chinese government that have offered tax breaks and other incentives to lure foreign investment.

Founder of China's Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) and considered the father of modern China.

Jiang Zemin's 2001 policy co-opting private entrepreneurs into the CCP.

Historic plaza in Beijing where the Chinese party-state crushed the 1989 pro-reform demonstration.

China's current premier and head of government.

Chinese Communist Party's cumbersome legislative body.