Term
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Definition
| an uncontrolled, time alteration in behavior that results from abnormal electrical discharge from cortical neurons |
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Term
| What is status epilepticus? |
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Definition
| a prolonged seizure (usually 30 minutes or multiple consecutive or longer) seizures without gaining consciousness |
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Term
| What is the first thing a doctor wants to know about after a seizure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Term used to define seizures that are chronic |
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Term
| What is the most common seizure for children and why? |
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Definition
| Febrile because the CNS is not mature |
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Term
| What is the etiology of seizures? |
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Definition
| Idiopathic (most common), Perinatal asphyxia or intracerebral injuries, postnatal vascular accidents, congenital or metabolic disorders, head injuries, infection, bleeding |
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Term
| What is the significance of the 1 min APGAR and 5 min APGAR? |
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Definition
| Need for resucitation; how they are going to do in kindergatern |
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Term
| Why does a baby born of a diabetic mother sometimes have a seizure after birth? |
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Definition
| The baby is used to high blood sugars. When starts producing insulin the sugar is lower and causes hypoglycemia |
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Term
| What metabolic disorders cause seizures in a newborn? |
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Definition
| Hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia |
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Term
| What is the most common type of seizure? |
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Definition
| Tonic Clonic, rigidity and jerky, can lead to loss of consciousness |
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Term
| What are two types of partial seizures? |
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Definition
Simple (Focal)
Complex- multiple parts of the brain |
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Term
| What kind of seizure may go unnoticed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are characteristics of absence seizures? |
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Definition
| Kid stares off into space, can have hundreds unnoticed, 50% grow out of it, lip smacking is a common sign |
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Term
| What are characteristics of myoclonic seizures? |
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Definition
| Surfaces at puberty, 50% after absence seizures, brief episodes of rigidity and jerky |
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Term
| What are characteristics of infantile spasms? |
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Definition
| 3-12 mos of age, may just turn head, 100s of times per day, Touch hand or arm (stops with low blood sugar, keeps moving with seizure) |
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Term
| What are characteristics of Akinetic or Atonic seizures? |
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Definition
| Drop attacks where child suddenly drops down |
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Term
| What should be asked in the history of a child who had a seizure? |
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Definition
| Illness, fever, difficult birth |
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Term
| What are details of the seizure you should understand? |
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Definition
1. Prodromal period (what happened before the seizure)
2. Onset, length
3. Aura
4. Loss of consciousness
5. Post ictal phase (sleepy for 30 min-2 hrs) |
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Term
| What are considerations a patient is prescribed Phenytoin? |
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Definition
1. Supplement Vitamin D & Folic Acid
2. Do not drink milk
3. Ensure medication is well shaken
4. Assess for hyperplasia of the gums |
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Term
| What test must be monitored when a patient is on valproic acid (Depakote)? |
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Definition
| Liver function tests must be monitored during initial period because Depakote may damage the liver and it is irreversible |
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Term
| What are drugs used for seizure prevention? |
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Definition
1. valproic acid (Depakote)
2. carbamazepine (Tegretol)
3. gabapentin (higher dose than pain relief) |
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Term
| Name 3 emergency seizure drugs |
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Definition
1. Diazepam (fastest acting)
2. Phenytoin
3. Phenobarbitol
Rectal drug given at home "diastat" |
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Term
| What is a major adverse effect for nuero drugs? |
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Definition
| Aplastic anemia: bone marrow can no longer make RBCs |
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Term
| What type of diet is prescribed for seizure patients? |
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Definition
| Ketogenic diet: High fat, low carb, regular protein |
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Term
| What are two aspects you can teach a family about in regards to seizures? |
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Definition
1. Management of seizures at home & school
2. Blood levels may be needed to monitor anticonvulsants |
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Term
| What are considerations for a patient taking anti convulsants? |
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Definition
1. Never stop the drug abruptly
2. Young patients may keep the same dose as they get bigger effectively outgrowing the dose |
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Term
| How many times can diazepam be repeated in an emergency? |
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Definition
| Can be repeated once for a total of 2 administrations |
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Term
| What are the steps for managing a status epilepticus seizure? |
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Definition
1. Airway management
2. Suction excess secretions
3. Administer oxygen
4. Monitor vital signs & neuro status
5. Establish intravenous access
6. If hypoglycemic, administer glucose
7. Admin medications |
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Term
| When should you take anti convulsant blood levels? |
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Definition
| When on IV meds & again when on PO meds |
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Term
| When would you give D50 IV to a patient having a seizure? |
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Definition
| When the patient is hypoglycemic. It is important to check blood sugars when someone has had a seizure to rule out hypoglycemia. |
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