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When development happens in a cumulative or additive way.
Ex. Information processing theory & Environment-based theories. |
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When development happens in stages.
Ex. Erikson's Psychosocial Theory & Piaget
**Stages represent dramatic changes |
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| A testable proposal; often developed to check validity of theory. |
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| Cheap; compares answers to surveys by age |
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| Looks for the same answer over time; hard to find/fund as well as holding on to subject. |
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| Studies one culture and duplicate it with another. |
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| The successful fusion of gametes to form a new organism. |
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1) Germinal Period
2) Embryonic Period
3) Fetal Period |
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Definition
First 2 weeks after conception
- creation of Zygote
- Cell division
- attachment to uterine wall |
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Definition
From 2nd wk - 8th wk.
Organogenesis : Organ formation during embryonic period
Endoderm: (inner layer) Internal organs and becomes the respiratory and digestion systems
Ectoderm: (outermost layer) becomes nervous sysem, sensory receptors, and skin
Mesoderm (middle layer) Becomes circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory and reproductive system. |
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Definition
From 3month
-Active
- face distinguishable
- sex indentifiable ***** |
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Definition
| Environmental agents that cause damage during the prenatal period. |
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Definition
1) Circulation : circulates blood
2) Respiration: take 1st breat |
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Definition
1) Sucking
2) Rooting
3) Moro
4) Grasp |
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Definition
| The startle reflex. Baby will tend to arch their backs and fling their arms out as though to cry for help. |
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Definition
| When you touch a baby's cheek, him/her will turn head towards your touch (this is another way for the child to get nutrients) |
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Definition
1) Quiet Alert (Great for bonding time)
2) Active Alert
3) Crying
4) Drowsy
5) Sleeping |
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Definition
Average 16 hours a day; is protection against the world
1) Quiet
2) Active ***REM- brain being stimulated |
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Term
| Baby spend more time in...(sleep) |
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Definition
| Active: Because REM-brain being stimulated; newborns spend more time here. It provides stimulation essential for CNS development and ensures that structure of the eye remain oxygenated during sleep. |
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Definition
1. Knowledge is constructed from world, and people.
2. Four distinct stages
3. Development is ongoing - people are always learning (spiral) |
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Term
| Piaget's four stages of C. Development |
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Definition
1) 0-2 Sensorimotor
2) 2-6 Pre-operational
3) 7-11 Concrete operational
4) 12+ Formal operational |
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Definition
| Being able to reason using mental representation. Thinking is not yet logical. |
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| Being able to perform logical operations on concrete objects |
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| Can think logically about abstract issues and hypothetical operations. |
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| Giving order and meaning to an event |
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| Receiving impulses from 2 or more senses at one time |
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Definition
| Knowing something exist even if you don't see it. |
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| Sensorimotor substages concludes with achievement of... |
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Definition
1) symbolic thought
2) object permanence |
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Term
| Characteristic of pre-operational |
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Definition
- Animism
- Egocentrism is a child's INABILITY to see things from another person's perspective. Declines with pretend play.
- Centration |
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| Characteristic of Concrete operational |
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Definition
- Decentration is focusing on a lot of things at one time (seeing the array)
- Conservation is being able to hold more than one idea in your mind at a time (Vs. pre-operational)
-Logic is taking relative factors into account; weight the importance of the array on information. |
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| Characteristics of formal operational period |
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Definition
| Abstract reasoning is using symbols. |
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Term
| Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) |
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Definition
Knowledge is scaffolded progressing their cognition and mental abilities. Next area of development thinking.
In other words it is the difference between what a learner can learn with help and what a learner can learn without help. |
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| Comparison of Piaget and Vygotsky |
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Definition
Vygotsky = GOT as in "got it down"
- Language is knowledge, key to cognition
Piaget
- Language is symbolic. Thinking first, language is second. Language is form of symbolic thinking. |
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Definition
| A discrete piece of information |
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A sequence of schemes; a PREDICTABLE sequence of events
Ex. A child pretend play. |
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| Being able to talk about things in the past (past-tense) |
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Definition
| You can put words together infinitely |
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| Basic sounds; 150 sounds humans; English 36 sounds |
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| S is for sequencing; word order (Grammar) |
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| M is for meaning (it makes sense) |
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