Term
|
Definition
| a systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a coherent framework for studying and explaining development |
|
|
Term
| how theories are practical |
|
Definition
offer insight and guidance for everyday concerns
form the basis for hypotheses that can be tested by research studies
generate discoveries |
|
|
Term
| 5 main developmental theories |
|
Definition
| psychoanalytic, behaviorism, cognitive, sociocultural, and epigenetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comprehensive theories that have traditionally inspired and directed thinking about development |
|
|
Term
| examples of grand theories |
|
Definition
| psychoanalytic, behaviorism, and cognitive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theories that focus on some specific area of development bu are less general and comprehensive than grand theories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sociocultural and epigenetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recently formulated theories that are the culmination of minitheories but not very comprehensive and systematic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds that irrational, unconscious drives and motives, many of which originate in childhood, underlie human behavior |
|
|
Term
| who began the psychoanalytic theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oral stage (infancy mouth stage), anal stage (early childhood), phallic stage (preschool penis stage), latency stage (sexual urges repressed for meaningful activiyies age 7-11), genital stage (adolescence) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unconscious psychic enregy we devote towards satisfying our basic urges towards survival,aggression, and reproduction. infants governed primarily by this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tries to make rational choices and to cope with the reality of daily life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strict moral judge especially of impulses that that the parents or culture would condemn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neo freudian who developed the 8 psychosocial developmental stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs self doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role diffusion
intimacy vs isolation
generativity vs stagnation
integrity vs despair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arose in opposition of psychoanalytic theory. proposed by John B watson. a grand theory of human development that focuses on the sequences and processes by which behavior is learned |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any process in which a behavior two types of conditioning and operant conditioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a menaingful stimulus so that the organism responds to the former stimulus as if it were the latter. developed by Ivan Pavlov |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
social learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process by which a response is gradually learned via punishment or reinforcement
developed by BF skinner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which a behavior is followed by results that make it more likely that the behavior will be repeated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes that many human behaviors are learned through observation and imitation of other people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process in which people observe and then copy the behavior of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that one is effective; motivates people to change themselves and their contexts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focuses on the structure and development of thinking, which shapes people's attitudes, beliefs and behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pioneer of cognitive theory, developed the four major periods of cognitive development |
|
|
Term
| piaget's periods of cognitive development |
|
Definition
| sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| birth-2; uses senses and motor abilities to understand world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2-6; uses symbolic thinking including language to understand world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7-11; understands and applies logical operations, or principles, to help interpret experiences objectively and rationally rather than intuitively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 12+; able to think about abstractions and hypothetical concepts and to reason analytically, not just emotionally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the state of mental balance that enables a person to reconcile new experiences with existing understanding |
|
|
