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Child Development Chapter 2
<3
44
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
09/07/2011

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Term
Ovum
Definition
-last 24 hours
-one of the ovaries
Term
Menstrual Cycle
Definition
-1 month(1-28 days)
-days10-14 are fertile
Term
Ejaculation
Definition
-350 million sperm
-100 get through to ovum
-sperm last 5-7 days in uterus
Term
Zygote
Definition
-sperm + ovum
-23 chrom +23 Chrom = 46 chrom in cells
Term
Monozygote
Definition
-one sperm, one ovum split into 2 zygotes
-100 percent genes
-other differences are from environment
-identical twins
Term
Dizygote
Definition
-one sperm, one ovum + one sperm, one ovum
-cause hyperovulation
-50 percent of genes
Term
Gametes
Definition
-sex cells
-sperm and ovum combine
Term
sex chromosones
Definition
-23 pair of determines sex of child
-females=xx
-males=xy
Term
automsomes
Definition
-22 of matching pairs of chromosomes
Term
allele
Definition
each of two of two forms of gene located at the same place on the autosomes
Term
Dizygotic
(non-identical)
Definition
one sperm, one ovum + one sperm meet another ovum

causes hyper ovulation-50 percent of genes
Term
Length of Pregnancy
Definition
- 40 weeks
- count by 1st day of period
Term
Important Food Necessities
For Pregnancy
Definition
-300 calories (2 glasses of milk)
-gain around 25 to 35 pounds of
increase in
-protein
-iron
-calcium
-folic acid
Term
cleavage
Definition
cell multiplication
Term
Implantation
Definition
takes a week and a half
Term
Germinal Stage
Definition
conception to implantaion
Term
Embryonic Stage
Definition
implantation to 8 weeks
Term
Fetal
Definition
8 weeks to 40 weeks
all of organs exist in some form
Term
umbilical cord
Definition
-connects baby to the placenta
-1 Vein, 2 arteries
-1 to 3 feet long
-vein=deliver blood
-arteries=remove waste
Term
Stem Cells
Definition
zygote fertilizes and multiplies
Term
Placenta
Definition
-temporary organ developed by mom and baby
-usually at the top of uterus
Term
Amnion
Definition
-sac that holds baby
-contains amniotic fluid
-"water break"
Term
Amniotic Fluid
Definition
-cushions the baby
-regulates baby temperature
-supports baby externally
Term
Baby Vision
Definition
-20 weeks
-test vision by bright light on belly
Term
Hearing
Definition
5 to 6 months or 20 weeks
Term
Ultra Sound
Definition
measure how long it takes sound to bounce back
Term
Balance
Definition
5 months
Term
Age of Viability
Definition
22-26 weeks
barely half way through pregnancy
Term
Chorion
Definition
outer membrane that surrounds the amnion and sends out tiny villi
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
both alleles are expressed in phenotype, combined trait
Term
X-linked inheritance
Definition
recessive gene is carried on the X chromosone
males more likely to be affected
Term
gene imprinting
Definition
alleles are imprinted,chemically marked, one pair is activated
-children more likely to have diabetes if father or mother has it
Term
blastocyst
Definition
zygote 4 days after fertilization, cells form fluid-filled ball
Term
Embryonic Disk
Definition
small cluster of cells on inside of blastocyst
-become new organism
Term
Trophoblast
Definition
thin outer ring of cells around blastocyst
-protective covering for new organism
Term
neural tube
Definition
-primitive spinal cord
-top that swells to form brain during embryo period
Term
Vernix
Definition
-cheeselike substance that covers the fetus
-protects against amnion fluid
Term
lanugo
Definition
white, downy hair that covers the entire body of the fetus

-helps vernix stick to the skin
Term
teratogen
Definition
an environmental mental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period
Term
transition
Definition
frequency and strength of contraction are at the peak

-cervix opens completely
Term
Apgar Score
Definition
test the newborns physical condition
Term
Apgar scale
Definition
1.heart rate (100-140 beats)
2.respiratory(breathing, screaming)
3.muscle tone (strong, not limp
4.reflex (sneezing, coughing, grimacing
5.color (pink not blue)
Term
analgesics
Definition
mild pain relievers
Term
anestheticss
Definition
strong painkillers that block sensation
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