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Definition
| what and how- changes and process |
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| structured set of stages and organism goes through |
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| through behaviorism, imitation and observation of role models |
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| changes resulting from interacting elements, integrated system |
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| Ethological and evolutionary theory |
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Definition
| survival behavior, human evolutionary change in the brain |
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| Biological vs environmental |
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Definition
| both influence, active, dynamic process |
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| Individual characteristics vs contextual influences |
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Definition
| interactionist, where child places himself matters |
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Definition
| not as good until child has understanding of the world, self |
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| Family/teacher/peer report |
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Definition
| biases based on parents opinions, teachers only seeing part of the child, peers give good understanding of status |
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Definition
establish relations among variables, gives strength of variables
Simply tells if things are related and indicates strength of relations |
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| different groups at different ages at same time, no info about causation |
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| same group at different time throughout life, practice effects, long time, assess stability and change over time |
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Definition
| combines cross sectional and longitudinal, can explain generational differences |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic makeup gives range within which, environment decides where you end up in that range |
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Definition
| environment plays little part due to genetic restrictions |
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Definition
| period when sensitive to environmental stimulus |
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Definition
| parents decide, place in environment encouraging disposition |
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Definition
| inherited tendencies evoke certain responses in others |
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| active genetic environment interactions |
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Definition
| genetic makeup encourages niche-picking |
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Term
| Purpose of twin and adoption studies |
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Definition
| role of genetics and environment |
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Term
| Shared and non-shared environments |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| typical mode of response to environment (activity, emotions, attention) infant form of personality (difficult, easy, slow to warm up) goodness of fit: how well caregiver accepts and adapts to child’s temperament |
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Term
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Definition
| 0-2 weeks, implantation, first stage, lots can go wrong |
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Definition
| 2-8 weeks, most development occurs |
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| environmental agent, diet, pollutant, disease, infection, that may cause developmental deviations, most threatening in embryonic stage, critical periods of development, each has specific effects, one can intensify another, dose response principle |
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Term
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Definition
| greater exposure, longer exposure leads to greater risk, more likely to be harmed |
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Definition
| infants of alcoholic mothers, can cause stunted growth, facial, heart and limb deformities, excessively irritable, distractible, hyperactive, may engage in repetitive rocking behaviors, mental retardation often seen, dose response principle |
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Term
| Maternal factors affecting prenatal development |
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Definition
| age, emotional state, diet, disease, disorder, infections |
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Term
| labor and delivery options |
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Definition
| hospital, midwife, birthing center, home delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors detect a stimulus |
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Definition
| interpretations of stimulus |
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Definition
| examines infants visual discrimination abilities, eye tracking |
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Term
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Definition
| get infant used to stimulus, add new stimulus, see if they notice new stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of heights develops as children crawl, not there at first |
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Definition
| mom reading to baby in womb, knowing and wanting mom’s voice, prosody |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinating different sensory information into single modified unit, begins at 1 mo, improves with experience, using multiple senses to identify and make sense of stimulus |
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Term
| Classical and operant conditioning |
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Definition
| : pavlov’s dogs vs reward/punishment |
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| mobile and ribbon, remember if experience is exactly the same |
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| proliferation (growing of many neurons that are not all used during early stages of development)and pruning ( kills dead neurons to make others more effective) (know what is in lecture) |
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Term
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Definition
| explanation for changes from birth to adolescence 25% of adult weight at birth, grow into head, allows for pruning |
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Definition
| experience expectant (universal)/dependent processes (unique, culturally dependent): capacity of brain to respond and adapt to external input |
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Definition
| prereaching at 3-5 months, develop true grasping: visual perception, motor abilities |
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| locomotion and impact on other skills |
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Definition
| stepping relex (0-2 mo), reappears (6 mo) walk alone (~1 yr), inc parent/child interaction, way react to world, problem solving, independence |
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Term
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Definition
| strong, emotional bond between infant and caregiver, ~ 6 months of lifem developmental milestone, relationship, thought to enhance caregiver’s effectiveness later, predicts future outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| breast- food, then mother |
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Term
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Definition
| food is primary reinforcer, mom is secondary reinforcer |
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Definition
| distinguish mom and have sense of object permenance |
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Definition
| survival/protection, imprinting |
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Definition
| cloth monkey over food providing wire monkey |
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| 1 mo- indiscriminant 2-7 mo- discrimination, little distress 7-24 mo- true attachment seen 2+ yr- more reciprocal relationship |
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Definition
| mom as secure base, disturbed by separation, can be quickly calmed |
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Definition
| not bothered by absence, avoids mom on |
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Term
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Definition
| very bothered by absence, avoids on return |
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Term
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Definition
| disoriented on return, rare, most problematic |
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Term
| Interaction of temperament and attachment |
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Definition
| irritable temperament-> less secure attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| mental representation of self as child, nature of interaction with parents as reconstructs- interprets interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| detect brightness, movement, track objects, limited color vision until 3 mo, faces for pattern detection (2 mo-tune in) coordination of eyes at 5 months |
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Term
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Definition
| active long before birth, newborns more sensitive to pain, explore environment and encode info |
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Definition
well developed early on, breast crawl
facial features in response to smell |
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Definition
| less sensitive to low pitched sounds, voice distinction early, auditory localization shows U shaped curve |
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