• Rests in physiological flx
• head rotated to one side
• UE: flexed, add
• LE: hips flexed, abd, ER; knees flx; ankles DF
• Pelvis elevated causing ant wt shift to face and hands
• Mvt: lift head to rotate, LE kicking, random mvt

• Rests in physiological flex
• Head rotated to one side ( 45 degrees)
• UE: flexed, add, hands in loose fist
• LE: flx, abd, ER hips, knees flx, DF ankles
• Mvt: head rotation, random UE/LE mvt

HEAD LAG!

No UE, LE or truck flx to assist

• Head flops forward
• Back round with spine in C-curve

• UE: more ER, abd, ELBOWS BEHIND SHLR
• LE: decreasing hip flx, pelvis lower
• Mvt: head turn, LE kicking

• Head more to one side- grav elongating
• UE: more ER, abd
• LE: more ext
• Mvt: head turn, random UEs/LEs mvt

• INCREASED HEAD LAG
• No assistance with UEs, LEs or trunk

• Brief attempts to lift can't but cannot sustain
• Back rounded in C-curve- will fall forward bc no control yet

• Head held up in ext with face 45 from support surface
• UE: more ER, abd; wt on hands, FA; elbows behind shldrs
• LE: dec hip flx; pelvis lower, POS moving further back in posture
• Mvt: head lift, turn, beg to visually scan environment- righting rxn

• Frequently rests in ATNR
• Head: more rotation to side; rarely in midline
• UE: more abd, elbow ext; ATNR present- allows hand regard; UEs moving away from body- tendenosis
• LE: decreased hip flx; more ER, abd; feet on surface
• Mvt: random swiping with arms

• Less head lag than at 1 month so activating cervical flx, head still behind plane of trunk
• Tries to assist with UE flex

• Holds head up short periods, bobs forward
• Back round except for increased cervical ext
• UEs: scap add with shldr abd and ER, begging of high guard

• Prone of elbows
• Head held up in ext with face 90 from support surface
• Head rotates to view environment
• UE: FA WB; elbows in line with shldrs; increased UE ER
• LE: pelvis lower, beg lumbar ext, decreased hip flx, but hips still flexed, abd, ER
• Accidentally rolls prone to SL or supine due to ATNR or uncontrolled wt shift

• Symmetry begins
• Head: close to midline, chin tuck due to cervical flx
• together on chest, pulls at clothes, begins to reache with antigravity shldr flx and IR
• LE: "frog legs" hip flx, abd, ER; knee flx with feet together in air or on surface

• Decreased head lag but head still behind plane of trunk
• Asymmetrical activation of cervical flexors causes head rotation
• Shldr elevation to help stabilize head in midline

• Holds head up longer using cervical flx and ext
• rotates head to view environment
• uses shldr elevation to help stabilize head in midline
• Increased thoracic ext; high guard

• POE with head up 90
• Chest off surface
• Increased lumbar ext; APT due to hip flx tightness
• Head rotates, better control of face-side wt shift
• UE: horiz add helps lift chest; FA WB
• LE: pelvis down; less ER, abd results in more narros BOS so random kicking may cause pelvic wt shift but can't control; accidentally rolls to SL
• Pivot prone begins- uses scapular add to lift UEs

• SYMMETRY
• Increase in trunk flex activity; flexors begin to balance ext
• UE: brings hands together in space( shldr flx vs grav): HANDS TO KNEES PLAY!
• LE: legs in space over trunk with hip and knee flx cause increased PPT; ext legs w feet on support surface causes increased APR
• Accidentally rolls to SL from hands on knees position or by hyper ext the neck

• Plays in SL
• Asymmetrical proprioceptive and tactile input stimulates lateral head righting with unilateral flex/ext activation

• Head in midline; minimal head lag at beg
• Active UE flex; some abdominal and LE flex

• Head up in midline
• Trunk straight down through thoracic region
• Still requires external support to maintain position
• UEs may be in high guard but can relax them if position is stable

• Prone on hands or prone on extended arms-chest elevated off support surface; helps to elongate abs; increase trunk ext and lumbar lordosis
• Increased shldr stability; upper trunk wt shift; lateral body righting; wt shift over arm causing supination; able to reach forward with one arm
• Rolls pront to supine with control
• Pivot Prone-head, UEs and upper trunk extended off surface
• LEs: in line with trunk

• Increased flex control
• Reaches to be picked up
• Hands to feet and feet to mouth-LE body awareness; elongates HS; desensitizes feet
• Rolls supine to SL

• Plays in SL with LE dissociation: bottom leg ext, top leg flx
• Lateral trunk flx: elongation of trunk on WB side

• No head lag
• pull with arms
• Legs flx at hips/knees, abs active

• Ring sits independently with forward propping
• Leans forward from pelvic, not spine
• UEs: forward propping, not free for play
• LEs: ring with wide BOS; hips flx, abd, ER, knees flex
• Positional stability

• Mature Pivote Prone with head, upper trunk arms and legs ext off surface
• Pushes self backward in POH
• Wt shift on ext arms
• Equilibrium reactions

• Hands to feet with knees more ext; midrange control in space
• Lifts head independently
• Rolls supine to prone-LE dissociation; uses lateral flex for transition from SL to prone

• Lifts head in preparation, leads with head
• Pulls with UEs
• LEs: flex at hips, more ext at knees

• Ring sits independently without forward propping-hands free to play
• Improved trunk and pelvic control:back straight; hip ext prevent collapsing forward
• Protective ext forward

• Pivots in prone: wt shift in UEs to move in semi-circle
• Commando crawling (belly on floor):wt shift then pulls with UEs; also see LE dissociation

• Equilibrium reactions
• Does NOT like supine-rolls out of it

• Plays frequently in this position
• Good lateral righting
• Gradually increases the inclination of the trunk toward side sitting

• Sits with trunk erect, beginning lumbar lordosis
• Can incline trunk forward and maintain sitting
• Begins to rotate trunk due to head rotation or reaching
• Gets into sitting from quadruped using lateral pelvic wt shift; tucks wt bear leg under and sits back-NO trunk rotation
• Transitions from sitting to quadruped

• Assumes quadruped:pushes up into quadruped from prone or transitions from sitting
• UEs: ext of elbows, wrist, fingers; WB on hands
• LEs: flex hips/knees: WB on knees
• Rocks in quadruped (vestibular stimulation
• Assumes bear standing (WB on hands and feet)

Don't like this position

• long sitting or combo ring/long
• Sideways or lateral protective extension
• Equilibrium reactions in sitting
• Transition from sitting to quad without trunk rotation

• Creeps (belly off floor); primary means of locomotion starts with lateral trunk flx and homolateral pattern, progresses to trunk rotation and reciprocal pattern
• BEAR WALK (moveon hands and feet, not hands and knees)

• Most functional, versatile position
• Inc. trunk control allows variety in LE position and lots of fine motor manipulation
• Uses diff LE positions: side sitting (one hip IR, one hip ER) and W sitting (both hips IR)
• Can use trunk rotation to transition b/w side sitting and quadruped
• Most use straight plane movements to transition into and out of W sitting

• Can push back into W sitting
• Creeping with trunk rotation
• Equilibrium reactions in quadruped

• Long sits with LEs in line with body
• Tailor sits
• Protective extension backwards-usually involves trunk rotation with only hand back

• Creeping still primary mobility
• Climbs over obstacles while creeping

• Varies LE positions: long sit, side sit, tailor sit, W sit

• Can easily reach across midline with trunk rotation
• Uses variety of LE postures

• Creeping is still primary means of mobility

• Positive Support or Primary Standing reflex
• Hips are flexed, beihnd shoulders
• Knees in genu varum
• WB on lateral borders of the feet
• Automatic stepping or automatic walking reflex is demonstrated

• ASTASIA-ABASIA
• No WB through legs: ASTASIA
• No Stepping: ABASIA
• Hips are behind shoulders

• Baby will take some weight on legs again (ASTASIA-ABASIA gone)
• Toes are curled due to plantar grasp reflex
• Stands with ab, ER, knee ext (provides positional stability)
• Weight on medial borders of feet due to abduction

• Can maintain standing with hands held, standing is a static posture
• BEGINNING OF HIGH GUARD
• Knees stiff in ext due to quad activity

• Takes almost full body wieght on legs
• May let go of knee ext and sink into flexion then extend the knees again (gives the baby proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation)
• Pelvis is in an anterior tilt (No ab activity in standing)

• Standing still a static posture, baby cannot move out of standing
• Lots of "bouncing"-working on knee control
• Hip extensors more active
• Mild trunk lordosis (from POH)
• feet pronated, more control of knee flx/ext with bouncing

• Assumes quadruped from prone
• From quadruped can pull into kneeling at furniture
• No UE support to maintain
• Lordosis present due to hip flexion

• Pulls into stnading from kneeling
• Get into standing independently
• Lifts trunk with UE support and symmetrical LE ext

• Cannot sit down in controlled fashion-falls or plops down
• Steppage gait

• Creeps in quadruped to furniture
• Pulls into tall kneeling at furniture with hips slightly flexed and abduced
• Needs UE support to maintain

• From tall kneeling may be able to assume half kneeling: bring one leg forward to WB on foot, other leg WB on knee

• Will climb and pull to stnading on stairs- safety risk
• cannot get down

• Pulls to stand with symmetrical LE ext
• Arms still do majority of work but legs more active than at 7 months

• Abducts and ER legs for positional stability
• Can let go with one hand to reach and play
• Can reach to get toy from floor with 1 UE support on furniture

• Can cruise along furniture taking sideways steps int frontal plane
• needs both hands on furniture

• Engages in steppage gait activity if given trunk support
• cannot move self forward

• can assume from W sitting or quadruped
• can maintain for short periods without UE support

• Will play in half kneeling
• requires UE support to maintain

• Continues to climb and pull up on stairs
• Will atempt to sit down backwards-safety concern

• Can pull to stnad through half kneeling

• Supports full weight on legs
• Needs 1 UE support for balance
• Can still reach to floor to get toy with 1 UE support

• Can cruise semi-turned with trunk slightly rotated away from furniture
• Steps not just in frontal but not yet in sagittal..
• Need both hands on furniture

• Continues to play in both positions
• Can maintain kneeling without UE support
• Still requires UE support for half kneeling

• Climbs over obstacles encountered while creeping
• Continues to climb on stairs
• Looks backwards and attempts to tailor sit on step

• 1 UE support for balance
• Symmetrically lowers self from standing with UE support

• Cruises forwardholding with 1 hand and taking steps in sagital plane
• Cruises around furniture (turns the corner)
• Can move from one piece of furniture to next

• 2 Hand held support
• High Guard
• Increased trunk ext with ext of stance hip to propel body forward

• Assumes squat position from quadruped
• Play in squat or push into standing from floor
  

• Maintain half kneeling without UE support

• Can come to stand through half kneel with 1 UE for balance
• Push into standing from squat

• Stand for short periods without support
• Uses positional stability
• Can lower self from standing assymetrically with UE support

• 1 hand held support walking forward