Term
| Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt and the resolution |
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Definition
-Move away from caregiver to meet own needs
-^ guilt is high level of self-blame.
S: positive self image, ^ em. control, social skills, peer relations |
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Term
| Autobiographical Narrative (What age) |
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Definition
-Age 3
-Organizing and giving meaning to a past event based on them |
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Term
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Definition
-Voluntary control of thoughts and action
-Not overly controlled or under controlled |
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Term
| 4 self conscious emotions in preschool years |
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Definition
| Pride, envy, guilt, and shame |
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Term
| Schunk and Zimmer model of self-regulation begins when |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rules of how one should act |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding the biologically based permanence of gender |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifying self and others as male and female |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender doesn't change over time (girls become women, boys become men) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender can't be altered by superficial changes |
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Term
| Social influences on gender development |
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Definition
| Observation of parents, siblings; toys; peers; media; gender stereotypes and segregation |
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Term
| Three characteristics of preschool friendships |
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Definition
-Close, mutual, voluntary
-Choose friends on similar looks, behavior, and activity levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple repetitive actions with objects or movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Manipulation of objects to produce something (goal oriented) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Parten's 6 Forms of Play
MATCHING |
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Definition
-Unoccupied: doesn't appear to be playing, just observing
-Onlooker: observes other children playing, but doesn't overly enter play
-Solitary: Independent; plays alone, and not interested in or distracted by others
-Parallel group activity: plays the same games in the same space; beside
-Associative group play: interaction with a common activity, no leadership or organization
-Cooperative group play: Group organized for a goal; marked sense of belonging; has a leader and division of labor |
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Term
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Definition
-Authoritative: high to warmth, but firm control; encourage to be responsible and to think for themselves
-Authoritarian: low on warmth and high in conrol; obey the orders; controlling
-Permissive: Warm but have little control; Responsive but reluctant to enforce rules
-Uninvolved: Neither warm nor in control; little emotional support |
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Term
5 Categories of Child Abuse
(mandated reporters) |
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Definition
-Physical Abuse
-Sexual Abuse
-Extreme Neglect
-Exposure to family violence
-Emotional Abuse |
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Term
| When is middle childhood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Age for the loss of baby teeth (deciduous) |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the brain during MC? |
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Definition
-Increased myelination
-^ Brain organization
-Integrate past and present
-Higher cognitive functions |
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Term
| CDC Recommends ______ of physical activity in MC |
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Definition
| 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity a day |
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Term
|
Definition
Cerebral=brain
Palsy=lifelong paralysis
muscle training is crucial |
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Term
| Visual Impairments: Orientation and Mobility |
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Definition
Orientation: ability to establish your position in relation to environment
Mobility: ability to move safely and efficiently in environment |
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Term
| SI article, what is the major reason for overuse injuries? |
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Definition
| Overly competitive parents and coaches |
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Term
| Communication/Language skills children 5-6 have mastered are... |
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Definition
-Create complete sentences
-Turn statements into questions |
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Term
| Children have fun with words by age 6 and 7 by... |
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Definition
-Sounds, language games, jokes, figurative language
-World play, puns, double meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of heritage language |
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Term
Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage
Understanding |
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Definition
-quantities stay the same even when appearances change
Identity: nothing added or taken away
Compensation: change in one direction can be compensated by change in other directions
Reversibility: can mentally cancel out the changes that have been made |
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Term
Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage
Classification |
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Definition
| Focuses on a single characteristic of objects in a set (like color) |
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Term
Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage
Seriation |
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Definition
| making and orderly arrangement of objects from large to small, or small to large |
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Term
| 5 main components of info processing |
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Definition
-Attention
-Memory
-Processing speed
-Control processes
-Strategies |
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Term
| When do you start identifying attention disorders? |
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Definition
| Elementary ages, around 8 |
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Term
| Difference between implicit and explicit memory |
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Definition
-Explicit: intentional searching
-Implicit: no need to intentional searching (ex: words you use everyday) |
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Term
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Definition
| Systemic procedure for improving memory; connect what you're saying to other things (ROYGBIV) |
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Term
| Best way to obtain an accurate interview in the middle years is to.... |
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Definition
| When they are interviewed in unbiased ways without suggestive questions |
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Term
3 Kinds of Metacognition
MATCHING |
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Definition
Declarative: explicit knowledge about your skills and the strategies needed to perform task (knowing what to do)
Procedural: Knowing how to use those strategies
Conditonal: knowing when and why to apply the procedures and strategies |
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Term
| Biologically Primary Mathematical Abilities |
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Definition
| numbers, orders, and quantity |
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Term
| 3 Early Theories of Intelligence |
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Definition
-Capacity to learn
-Total knowledge required
-Ability to adapt successfully to new situations and environments |
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Term
| Who has the Multiple Intelligence Theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Flynn Effect on Intelligence? |
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Definition
| Effect of better nutrition and medical care increased the literacy of parents and smaller families with more attn. to children had better test prep |
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Term
| 4 Influences on School Achievement in MC |
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Definition
-Children's competencies and resilience
-Parenting
-Family and Neighborhood influences
-Teachers |
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Term
| 6 Characteristic of schools associated with achievement for the lil niggas |
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Definition
-Strong administration leadership
-Frequent eval. of student progress
-Emphasis on academics
-Safe and orderly environment
-High expectations for student achievement
-Excellent classroom management |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to access, analyze, evaluate, communicate many modes of media |
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Term
| Conflict in MC described by Erikson |
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Definition
Industry vs. Inferiority
Industry: reflects developments in self-concept, esteem, and regulation
Inferiority: struggle to master valued skilled and are unsuccessful |
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Term
| Difference between independence and interdependence? |
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Definition
Ind: Self is separate, autonomous whose job is to grow and develop into the best he/she can be in order to become part of a larger group
Inter: connected, not separate, and is defined in terms of relationships |
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Term
| What is perspective thinking? |
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Definition
| The ability to imagine what others are thinking and feeling |
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Term
| Selman's Five Stage Model of Perspective-Taking (Stages 0-2) |
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Definition
Stage 0: Egocentric Viewpoint (3-5)
Stage 1: Social-informational Role Taking (6-8) Child is aware that other have their own reasoning which may be different, but focus on one perspective rather than all
Stage 2: Self-Reflective Role Taking (8-10) child can put self in other's place and can coordinate multiple perspectives |
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Term
| Selman's Five Stage Model of Perspective-Taking (Stages 3-4) |
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Definition
Stage 3: Mutual Role Taking (10-12) child can step away from an interaction and use a third-person perspective
Stage 4: Social and Conventional System Role Taking (12-15+) |
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Term
Damon's sequence for Distributive Justice
Forms of fairness
MATCHING |
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Definition
-Equality: (5-6) fair means everyone is treated the same and equal
-Merit: (6-7) Some people deserve to be treated differently b/c they have worked hard to do something special
-Benevolence: (8) Recognize the needs of others and that some people receive more attention or more resources because of their needs |
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Term
Lawrence Kohlberg's 3 levels of Moral Development
PRECONVENTIONAL |
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Definition
Stage 1: Heteronomous moralityy: do right to avoid punishment b/c of superiors
Stage 2: Individualism: do right to serve your own interests yet recognize others have interests too |
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Term
Lawrence Kohlberg's 3 levels of Moral Development
CONVENTIONAL |
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Definition
Stage 3: Mutual interpersonal expectations: believe in the golden rule; be a good person in everyone's eyes
Stage 4: Social system and conscience: doing right contributes to the good of society; conscience drives you to meet obligations |
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Term
Lawrence Kohlberg's 3 levels of Moral Development
POSTCONVENTIONAL |
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Definition
Stage 5: Social contract: sense of obligation to the law
Stage 6: Universal ethical procedures: believes as a rational person of commitment to universal moral principles |
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Term
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Definition
| A willful act of aggression or manipulation by one or more people against another person or people |
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Term
| Examples of gender stereotyping in schools and society |
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Definition
| Textbook portrayals, teacher interactions, television |
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Term
| Difference between cliques and crowds |
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Definition
Cliques: smaller friendship group (3-12 kids)
Crowds: less intimate, more loosely organized |
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Term
| Consequences of peer rejection in MC |
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Definition
-Academic difficulties
-Difficulties is psychosocial adjustment and functioning (loneliness, self esteem, depression) |
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Term
| Sibling rivalries in MC... |
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Definition
Intensify
Parents can reduce this by acknowledging unique characteristics about each child |
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Term
| 3 Ex's that a teacher can create classroom clime that prevents bullying |
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Definition
-Establish respectful standards of conduct
-Work w/ students to develop classroom rules for respectful interactions
-Hold periodic classroom meetings |
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Term
| 4 synchronized and interconnected changed time to occur together during puberty |
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Definition
-Hormones
-Height
-Emotions
-Body shape |
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Term
| List major physical changes that happen in adolescence |
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Definition
-Growth spurt
-Develop primary sex characteristics
-Develop secondary " "
-Changes in body comp.
-Changes in respiratory and circulatory systems |
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Term
| Factors that impact onset of puberty... |
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Definition
-Health and nutrition
-Ethnic/geographic variations
-Affluence or poverty variations |
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Term
| 4 nutrition and exercise patterns that will go from adolescence to adulthood |
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Definition
-Diet
-Physical Activity
-Lifestyle
-Exercise |
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Term
| Ossification of the iliac crest occurs.... |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Eating in a discrete time period more than others would eat in a period of time; feeling a lack of control |
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Term
|
Definition
| Binge eating followed by purging, fasting, or excessive exercise |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hours of sleep for a teen |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk taking behavior ex's: |
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Definition
| Smoking, drinking, speeding, unprotected sex, drugs, fighting |
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Term
| 4 brain-based reasons adolescents take risks... |
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Definition
-Impulsive
-Lack of self-control
-Unrealistically optimistic
-Invulnerability |
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Term
| How do adolescents shape their own development? |
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Definition
| Choice in activities, courses in school, friends, goals, and commitments |
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Term
| Erikson- hallmark of forming a mature identity |
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Definition
| Developing a personal life story |
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Term
| 3 aspects of cognitive development in adolescents |
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Definition
-Ability to use language and memory
-Ability to be metacognitive
-Theory of mind: understand you and others have thoughts, feelings, and histories |
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Term
|
Definition
| not proficient in either language |
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Term
| What is native language maintenance education? |
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Definition
| Use native language as the primary teaching language until English skills are developed |
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Term
| Difference between spontaneous and scientific thinking |
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Definition
Spontaneous: direct observations and experiences
Scientific: more accurate; more abstract understandings learned in school |
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Term
| Ex's of material cultural tools |
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Definition
| calculators, spell checkers, word processors |
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Term
| 4 strategies in small reading groups (Vygotsky) |
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Definition
-Summarizing content of the passage
-Questioning about the central point
-Clarifying the difficult parts of the material
-Predicting what comes next |
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Term
| Difference between sequential and simultaneous multitasking |
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Definition
Sequential: switching back and forth from one task to another but only focus on one task at a time
Simultaneous:overlapping focus on several tasks at a time |
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Term
Realist-Evaluatist
MATCH AGES |
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Definition
Realist: young children
Absolutist: elementary school
Multiplist: adolescence
Evaulist: early adulthood |
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Term
| Difference between egocentrism in adolescence and early childhood |
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Definition
| Focus on one's own ideas - unlike in children, adol. recognize others may have different opinions |
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Term
| Claude Steele's stereotype threat |
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Definition
| A fear of confirming a stereotype |
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Term
| _____% of students worked in high school |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| School rules enforced without considering circumstances; highly structured, rigid environment |
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Term
| What does AT stand for? Define. |
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Definition
| Assistive Technology: Any product/equipment that increases, maintains, and improves functional capabilities for those with disabilitites |
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Term
| What does UDL stand for? Define. |
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Definition
| Universal Design Learners: Goal is to create products and environments that are usable by all regardless of age/ability |
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Term
| Two most common uses for the internet for teens |
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Definition
| Search for information and communicating with friends |
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Term
| Law for assistive technology |
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Definition
| Individuals with Disabilities Act (2004) |
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Term
| Examples of low tech assistive technology devices |
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Definition
| Pencil grips, highlighters, color coding, peer support, extra time, sign language |
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Term
|
Definition
| Company that provides educational and technical solutions to help children and adults with disabilities live fulfilled and productive lives |
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Term
| Erikson's conflict in adolescents |
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Definition
| Identity vs. Role Confusion: explores different roles and reconsiders the goals their parents and teachers have set for them; accepting and rejecting others |
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Term
|
Definition
| healthy exploration and decision regarding identities involved in occupations, political, and religious affiliation |
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Term
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Definition
| When teens make commitments without exploring option |
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Term
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Definition
| a state in which adolescents are not exploring identity alternatives or making commitments |
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Term
|
Definition
| Adolescents who are actively exploring identity alternatives but have yet to make a commintment |
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Term
| How to encourage STEM careers in girls |
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Definition
| Women teachers, summer camps, job shadowing, after school programs |
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Term
| 4 outcomes for Identity Exploration |
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Definition
Assimilation: teen identifies with majority culture and rejects ethic culture
Marginal: teen lives with the majority culture but feels alienated from it
Separated: teen identifies with ethnic culture and rejects majority culture
Bicultural: individual identifies with both ethnic and majority cultures |
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Term
| 3 aspects of Storm and Stress in teens |
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Definition
-Mood disruptions
-Risky behavior
-Increased conflict with parents |
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Term
| Most important thing elders can do for teens |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How should parents respond to teen's desire for privacy |
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Definition
| Monitor activities, and foster independence and self-control |
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Term
| 3rd leading cause of death in teens |
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Definition
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