habit birds can develop

- can start if a bird breaks an egg and gets a liking for it.

- provide plenty of best boxes and sure they are nice and dark with eggs removed daily 

- china eggs or ping pong balls, or nasty flavoured eggs 

commercial hybrids have them bred out so rarely get broody

- can become aggressive 

- take egg away regularly 

cockerels will have a preference for them and pull their feathers out. trim spurs if necessary 

- min ratio is 8 hens per cockerel

- protective jackets can be bought for hens 

not common unless outbreak

high mortality

red congested extremities

very sick and dying birds 

not common unless outbreak 

enteritis plus resp disease. nervous signs and very sick birds 

critically ill or freshly dead

young chicks-bacterial yolk sac infection or starve outs

- can get e.coli or pseudomonas from water supply

in the 1st wk of life

birds are small , dull, hunched and inactive 

ddx: PM

put to sleep

prevent by ensuring that only clean unwashed eggs are incubated 

small white plaques are seen in the lungs and sometimes in the air sacs 

- no treatment, sick chicks culled 

yolk sac used up, small and dull with empty crops

- 

Approach to diarrhea in the bird 

coccidiosis

history

coccidiosis affecting younger birds 

Faecal oocyst counts

treatement: baycox. control growth of harmful bacteria with antibiotic treatment such as amoxycillin or denagard

TLC/multivitamins 

coccidiosis

bacterial infection in gut

worms

renal or hepatic issues

egg bound 

can be secondary to damage of the intestine

- coccidiosis or worms

- Tialmulin- has a zero egg withdrawl 

can cause problems to bird and egg production

- anaemia weight loss and ill thrift 

rest of flock are likely to be affected

- Infectious bronchitis

- mycoplasma gallisepticum

- avian rhino tracheitis

ab therapy, tiamulin or tetracycline

Treat all birds in a group 

malfunctioning oviduct

enter the abdomen because arent collected by oviduct and are then absorbed

- penguin like stance 

an infection in the abdomen

enlarged swollen abdomen and will be dull and pyrexic 

- denagard used 

bird unable to pass an egg- stuck in the oviduct

lube, ab ( denegard to prevent secondary infection) , spaying 

1. mareks disease

2. meningitis

3. other neurological conditions 

herpes virus

young birds

immunosuppression and tumours

acute: tumours in liver and spleen

classical: tumours in neurons- ataxia and paralysis 

head tilting and ataxia

response to meds

enrofloxacin 

bumble foot assoc. with staph infection 

absecces lanced and ab used, 

dull and not eating, distended crop 

lavage, massage, surgery option 

usually occurs once a year 

egg laying ceases so the bird can have a rest 

give multivitamins for a boost of energy during this time 

nocturnal

infest birds and housing 

lifecycle can be as short as 7 days

common chicken louse is grey/yellow and 2mm long

under wings and around vent 

off label frontline 

cocci

red mite

haemorrhage from pecking

warfarin poisoning 

RNA virus

low path AI: may mutate, doesnt have cleavage site, stays in resp system 

high path AI: high mortalitly, resp disease, subcut heamorrhage and very congested carcasses. 

turkeys most sensitive to AI 

- infected faeces from contaminated water

control is backed by legislation, stamping out, restricted movement and restricted international trade

avian paramyxovirus 

ICPI index

viscerotrophic velogenic: high mortality, 

neutrotrophic velogenic- high mortality, plus resp and nervous signs

mesogenic: resp and sometimes nervs with low mort. 

lentogenic- mild or unapparent resp infection

asymptomatic- enteric with no signs 

spread is via contact, airborne, water, human vectors 

biosecurtiy and vaccines