Term
|
Definition
| replacing traditional beliefs and behaviors w/ those of your dominant culture, often creating subcultures that diverge from its culture of origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. understand yourself
2. have interpersonal sexual skills/integrity
3. consideration of the cultural context of sexuality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influenced by education, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status |
|
|
Term
biopsychosocial
(psychosocial approach) |
|
Definition
| integration of psychological (emotions/attitudes) factors, social conditioning factors (learning social norms), and biological factors (hormones/genetics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of sexuality used to test assumptions in a scientific way to find out if assumptions are true and then document relationships found; in order to understand/predict sexual behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of different subjects at one point in time (snapshot); ie: compare different people at different stages in development at one point in time; not as expensive but varying factors could influence/skew |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of the same subjects over a long period of time; more consistent view but much more expensive |
|
|
Term
naturalistic observation method
(a direct observation (non-exp) study) |
|
Definition
| scientists directly observe behavior of animals/humans in their natural env; Masters & Johnson |
|
|
Term
Ethnographic observation method
(a direct observation (non-exp) study) |
|
Definition
| used by anthropologists who live among societies of people; limited use for sex behavior studies since it normally occurs in private |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures slightest change in penis size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measures change in penis circumference |
|
|
Term
| vaginal photoplethysmograph |
|
Definition
| measures increased vaginal blood volume |
|
|
Term
| clitoral photoplethysmograph |
|
Definition
| measures blood volume in clitoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of penis that extends internally into pelvic cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypersensitive rim of the penile glans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly sensitive thin strip of skin that connects glans to the shaft on the underside of the penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 large structures in shaft of penis that fill w/ blood during arousal (and create "boner") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller cylinder that forms at base of penis, extends up shaft, and forms the penile glans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encloses the testes; tunica dartos=inner layer of scrotum- smooth muscle fibers and connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| male gonad in scrotum- produces sperm and sex hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attached to testis; contains vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, muscle fibers; cremasteric muscle fibers control the postion of the testis in the scrotal sac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition where testes don't descend from abdominal cavity to scrotal sac; could cause infertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coiled structures in testes where sperm are produced |
|
|
Term
interstitial cells
(Leydig's cells) |
|
Definition
| major source of androgen (stimulates development/maintenance of male characteristics) in men; in the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| along back of each testis where sperm maturation occurs ("storage chamber") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transports sperm- begins at testis ends at urethra; vasectomy involves removing vas deferens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glands adjacent to vas deferens- provides alkaline fluid for sperm motility; greater portion of volume of fluid released during ejaculation; rich in sugar to nourish sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at base of bladder; produces about 30% of seminal fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 pea-sized glands; base of urethra; secrete alkaline fluid and releases soon after erection or right before ejaculation (so "pre-cum"); contains sperm- so "pulling out" is ineffective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which penis/clitoris engorges w/ blood and increases in size; capacity for erection present in utero and spans the lifetime |
|
|
Term
ejaculation:
1. emission phase
2. expulsion stage |
|
Definition
1. seminal fluid gathered in urethral bulb
2. semen expelled from penis by muscular contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| semen expelled into bladder rather than penis; reversed functioning of the 2 urethral sphincters (from prostate, surgery, drugs); not harmful, but can cause sterility |
|
|
Term
| genital retraction syndrome (GRS) |
|
Definition
| culture- bound phenomenon; male believes his penis is shrinking/retracting into his body; "Koro"- which literally means tortoise (Malaysian); in African/Asian countries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medical specialty dealing w/ reproductive health and genital diseases of the male and urinary tract diseases in both sexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deadly if not diagnosed in early stages (before it has spread to the lymph nodes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common form of cancer in men 20-35; doubled in last 40 years; more often in caucasian men; cryptochidism (testis don't drop) is risk bc you can't self examine your testicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prostate becomes enlarged and inflamed bc of infection; not cancer, just the swelling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2nd most frequently diagnosed cancer (skin is 1st); more common in African Americans; grows slowly, so don't have to get treated immediately (men like to avoid bc can't get erection after prostate is removed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fatty tissue bw pubic bone and skin, above the vulva; lots of nerve endings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer lips on each side of vulva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hairless folds of skin, inner lips of vulva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clitoral hood; foreskin covering clitoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comprised of the internal crura (connect to pubic bones); female counterpart to penis- same # nerve endings; for pleasure (not reproduction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "entryway of house"; area of vulva inside labia minora; both urinary and vaginal openings located here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening of vagina, bw urinary opening and anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue that partially covers vaginal opening; intact until intercourse (or anything else that tears it); imperforate hymen- rare case when hymen completely seals vaginal opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of smooth skin bw vaginal opening and anus; lots of nerve endings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 bulbs, 1 on each side of vaginal opening, that engorges w/ blood during arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 small glands inside vaginal opening that secrete a few drops of alkaline fluid during arousal, before orgasm (vs. male cowper's glands) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| canal that opens bw labia minora and extends 3-5 in body toward cervix/uterus; 3 layers of tissue: inner-secretes lubrication during arousal; middle- muscular, around opening and contracts during orgasm; outer- connects vagina to other pelvic structures- secretes substance to maintain vaginal pH of normal acidity (pH of 4-5) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glands/ducts in front of vagina; "G spot" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| engorgement of blood vessels in body parts in response to sexual arousal; causes clear fluid to appear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mucous tissue (small part of uterus) located at back of vagina; sperm pass through vagina into uterus through the OS= opening in center of cervix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hollow, thick organ inside female pelvis where fetus develops; anteflexed= tipped forward, towards abdomen; retroflexed= tipped back, toward spine (more likely to have menstrual discomfort) |
|
|
Term
3 layers of uterine wall:
1. perimetrium
2. myometrium
3. endometrium |
|
Definition
1. external layer
2. middle layer made- longitudinal muscle- so uterus can stretch during pregnancy and contract during labor/orgasm
3. inner lining rich in blood vessels; nourishes zygote (egg/sperm) and thickens in response to hormone changes during monthly menstrual cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 tubes, extending from sides of uterus, through which ova/sperm travel on the way to uterus; 4 in; fimbriae are fringelike ends of the fallopian tubes into which the released ovum enters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a fertilized ovum implants in tissue outside of uterus, normally in fallopian tube; the egg doesn't travel far enough; could rupture tube and cause hemmorhaging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 organs, 1 at each end of fallopian tubes; female gonads, produce eggs and hormones; females are born w/ all the ova they will ever have, 1 million at birth (sperm produced throughout life) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased hormones; release of a mature egg; time when you are most fertile; regardless of cycle length, occurs 14 days after menstruation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| about 1 week time when you have your period; sloughing off of uterine lining if conception hasn't occurred, so pregnant woman don't menstruate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monthly cycle of about 28 days; 1st day of flow to day before next flow; regulated by relationship bw hypothalamus (brain), endocrine glands, ovaries, and uterus- so combo of reproductive system, central nervous system, and endocrine system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| initial onset of menstruation; age 11-15; depends on heredity, health, and altitude (occurs earlier in lower altitudes); first period responds to lepton (fat cells), so overweight girls will have menarche earlier, which is why the age is declining in the US (cause so many fatties) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs among women who live together; trigger is hypothesized to be linked to sense of smell (pheromones in the air); "McClintock Effect" |
|
|
Term
3 phases of the menstrual cycle:
1 menstrual phase
2 proliferative phase
3 secretory phase |
|
Definition
1 uterus sheds thick inner layer of endometrium (external layer of uterus), discharged as flow via the cervix, and then vagina
2 pituitary gland releases FSH-> follicles mature->produce estrogen->stimulates endometrium to thicken
3 increased LH->mature follicle->ovum released |
|
|
Term
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
& Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) |
|
Definition
symptoms of physical discomfort and emotional irritability; occurs 2-12 days before menstruation;
PMDD- pms severe enough to significantly disrupt a woman's functioning; 5% women experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain/discomfort before or during menstruation; primary: caused by overproduction of prostaglandins (hormones that induce uterine contraction); secondary: caused by factors other than prostaglandin overproduction like an intrauterine device, benign uterine tumors, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition in which uterine tissue grows on various parts of the abdominal cavity; effects 15% of women who are premenopausal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the absence of menstruation; primary: failure to menstruate at puberty; secondary: disruption of an established menstrual cycle, w/ absence for 3 months or more (can be pregnancy, breast feeding, athleticism, anorexia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time period before menopause marked by decreasing estrogen; usually occurs around age 40 and can last up to 10 years; irregular cycles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cessation of menstruation as a result of aging or removal of the ovaries; chemo can also induce; all related to hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| screening test for cancer of the cervix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surgical removal of the uterus
surgical removal of the ovaries- potential decrease in sexual response |
|
|
Term
3 types of lumps:
1 cysts
2 fribroadenomas
3 malignant tumor |
|
Definition
1 benign fluid filled sacs (not fatal)
2 solid, rounded, benign tumors (not fatal)
3 malignant tumor: cancer cells (fatal); may be prevented by lifestyle factors (diet, exercise, smoking) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controls reasoning, language, imagination; responsible for sexual fantasies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subcortical brain system composed of several interrelated structures that influence the sexual behavior of humans; associated w/ emotion/motivation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thought to be highly impolicated in sexual response; when certain parts destroyed, sexual behavior dramatically reduced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals that transmit messages in nervous system; influence sexual arousal and response through the hypothalamus; dopamine is a neurotransmitter that influences sexual arousal in males- testosterone stimulates release of dopamine in males and females (and libido) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits sexual activity; is released after male ejaculation; reduces sex drive by temp. inhibiting release of dopamine; anti-dep's increase serotonin levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| areas of body particularly responsive to sexual stimulation; primary erogeneous zones: dense concentration of nerve endings- genitals, breasts, inner thighs, mouth, etc.; secondary erogeneous zones: any other part of body that becomes erotically sensitive through learning/social conditioning- ie: feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
certain odors produced by body that relate to reproductive functions and/or fertile periods
estratetraenol (EST)- estrogen like chemical found in female urine; exposure activates hypothalamus of heterosexual men
androstadienone (AND)- derivative of testosterone found in men's sweat; smelling AND activates hypothalamus in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that allegedly arouses sexual desire and increases capacity for sexual activity; ie: oysters, tomatoes, potatoes, ginseng root |
|
|
Term
1- steroid hormones
2- neuropeptide hormones |
|
Definition
1- hormones secreted by gonads (ovaries and testes) and adrenal glands; estrogens/androgens
2- chemicals produced in brain that influence arousal, attraction, and sexual response; oxytocin- "love hormone", influences erotic/emotional attraction to each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impaired hormone production in the testes that resuls in testosterone deficiency; from aging and certain endocrine diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced in hypothalamus; significant influence on sexual response, sensuality, erotic/emotional attraction; facilitates ejection of milk during breast feeding; "snuggle chemical"- increased skin sensitivity to touch, promotes bonding |
|
|
Term
| Helen Singer Kaplan's (1979) 3 stage model |
|
Definition
Desire; Excitement; Orgasm
*desire feature is distinct to this model |
|
|
Term
| Masters and Johnson (1966) 4 stage model |
|
Definition
| observed and measured masturbation/sexual intercourse in the laboratory; 1. excitement (engorgement of sex organs); 2. plateau (increased heart rate, vasocongestion, sexual tension, etc.); 3. orgasm (muscular contractions at peak of sexual arousal), shortest phase; 4. resolution- sexual systems respond to non- excited stage, refractory period (temporary inability to reach orgasm in the resolution stage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased muscle tension that occurs throughout body during sexual arousal; voluntary or involuntary; facial grimaces, spasms of hands/feet, muscular spasms during orgasm |
|
|
