Term
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Definition
-Temporal and infra temporal regions
-Muscles of mastication
-Oral cavity: teeth, hard palate, tongue & muscles of mouth floor |
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Term
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Definition
-Soft palate
-Pharynx and pharyngeal muscles |
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Term
| What does the temporal infra temporal fossae contain? |
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Definition
| Muscles of mastication located inferior and superior to the zygomatic arch |
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Term
| Temporalis muscle of the temporal fossa |
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Definition
Temporal fascia to the corned process and rams of the mandible
It elevates and retracts the mandible during chewing |
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Term
| Where is the infra temporal fossa located? |
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Definition
| Inferior to the zygomatic arch; bounded laterally by the ramus of the mandible and medially by the lateral pterygoid plate and anteriorly by the maxilla |
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Term
| Boundaries of the infra temporal fossa? |
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Definition
Laterally- ramus of mandible
Medially- lateral pterygoid plate
Anteriorly- maxilla |
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Term
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Definition
-Covered laterally by the master muscle
-Takes origin from zygomatic arch
-Inserts on lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
- Innervated by masseteric branch of V3
-elevates mandible, closing the jaws during chewing. |
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Term
| What are the contents of the infra temporal fossa? |
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Definition
-Lateral pterygoid muscle
-Medial pterygoid muscle
-Mandibular nerve V3
-Chorda tympani from the facial nerve
-Maxillary artery
-Pterygoid plexus of veins |
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Term
| What innervates the muscles of mastication? |
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Definition
| Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve V3 (from first pharyngeal arch) |
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Term
| What are the four muscles of mastication? |
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Definition
Masseter
Temporalis
lateral pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid |
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Term
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Definition
O: Lateral pterygoid plate
I- Capsule and disk of the TMJ and neck of mandible
A- depression and protrusion of mandible; unilaterally contracts to shift the chin to the contralateral side |
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Term
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Definition
O: Lateral pterygoid plate
I: medial surface of the ramus and angle along with MASTER forms mandibular sling
A: elevates mandible; side to side movements of the mandible |
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Term
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Definition
-Mixed nerve
-Enters infra temporal fossa
-3rd and largest
-innervates all muscles from the first pharyngeal arch |
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Term
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Definition
-Branch of mandibular nerve
-Carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the OTIC ganglion to the parotid gland |
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Term
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Definition
-Branch of mandibular nerve
-Carries general sensation for anterior 2/3 of the tongue
-Joined by the chords tympani (CN VII)
-Carried taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of the tongue and pregnaglionic parasympathetic fibers TO the submandibular ganglion |
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Term
| What do POST ganglionic parasympathetic fibers do? |
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Definition
| They are from the submandibular ganglion and they innervate the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
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Term
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Definition
-Enters mandibular foramen
-Carries general sensation of mandibular teeth and gingiva
-Has mental nerve as a terminal branch |
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Term
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Definition
-Terminal branch of external carotid artery
- Supplies infra temporal fossa, nasal cavity, and oral cavity, and cranial dura mater
-Transverses infra temporal fossa from lateral to medial |
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Term
| Branches of the maxillary artery |
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Definition
-Middle meningeal artery- enters cranial cavity to supply bone and meninges
-Inferior alveolar artery- Supplies mandible, teeth, chin, and lower lip
- Muscular branches- supplies muscles of mastication
-Posterior superior alveolar artery- Supplies maxilla and its teeth |
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Term
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Definition
-Surrounds pterygoid muscle
-Comes together to form maxillary veins
- Connects with emissary veins with cavernous sinus at the base of the brain
-Can result in CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
-Formed by head/condyle of mandible and squamous portion of the temporal bone with an articular disk
-Does hinge movements in LOWER JC
-Does gliding movements in UPPER JC |
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Term
| Squamous portion of the temporal bone |
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Definition
-Has a articular tubercle anterior to mandibular fossa
-Separates joint cavity from the temporal lobe of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
-Gravity
-Lateral pterygoid muscle
-Accessory muscles of mastication
(digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid) |
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Term
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Definition
-Masseter
-temporalis
-Medial pterygoid muscles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior fibers of the temporals |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral and medial pterygoid contraction |
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Term
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Definition
-runs from styloid process of temporal bone to angle of mandible
-it limits EXTREME PROTRUSION of mandible; it may dislocate anteriorly IF the head of the mandible slips over the articular tubercle |
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Term
| What must be taken care of during TMJ injuries? |
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Definition
| Facial and auriculotemporal nerves |
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Term
| What is clicking an indication of in arthritis of TMJ? |
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Definition
| Delayed anterior disc movements during mandibular depression and elevation |
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Term
| What does the oral cavity consist of? |
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Definition
Oral vestibule- Between the lips and cheeks externally, and the teeth and gingivae internally
Oral cavity proper- internal to the teeth and gingival |
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Term
| Boundary of the oral cavity and oropharynx is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Has oral and oropharyngeal parts with different innervations separated by a V shaped groove, the sulcus terminalis |
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Term
| Anterior 2/3 tongue sensory |
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Definition
| Receives general sensory from lingual branch of the mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve |
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Term
| Anterior 2/3 tongue taste |
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Definition
| Receives taste innervation from chorda tympani |
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Term
| Posterior 1/3 sensory and taste |
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Definition
| Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and slightly vagus nerve (CN X) |
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Term
| What provides rapid absorption of drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sublingual papilla (sublingual caruncle) |
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Definition
-On each side of the base of the lingual frenulum
-Contains opening of the submandibular duct from the submandibular gland |
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Term
| What 4 structures are lateral to the tongue in the floor of the mouth (sublingual sulcus)? |
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Definition
-Lingual nerve
-deep part of submandibular gland
-Submandibular duct
-Sublingual gland |
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Term
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Definition
-Are parasympathetic
-Suspended from lingual nerve
-receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from chorda tympani (VII)
-Sends postganglionic fibers to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
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Term
| Muscles of the tongue are innervated by what? |
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Definition
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Except the Palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve |
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Term
| Fibers of hyoglossus and what interdigitate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscle protrudes the tongue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What supplies the tongue? |
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Definition
| Lingual artery, which branches from the external carotid artery; has rich blood supply; therefore, it bleeds profusely. |
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Term
| Roof of the oral cavity is formed by what? |
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Definition
Anterior 2/3 hard palate formed by
-Palatine processes of the maxilla
-Horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Posterior 1/3 of soft palate formed by
-palatine aponeurosis and muscles |
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Term
| What are the three muscles of the soft palate? |
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Definition
Levator veli palatini- elevates the mouth
Tensor veli palatini- tenses the palate and opens auditory tube
Palatoglossus- depresses tongue |
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Term
| What innervates the muscles of the soft palate? |
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Definition
Vagus nerve;
except the tensor veil palatini which is innervated by the MANDIBULAR NERVE |
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Term
| What supplies the palate's blood supply? |
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Definition
| greater and lesser palatine artery (maxillary) |
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Term
| What innervates the palate? |
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Definition
Nasopalatine
Greater palatine
Lesser palatine nerves
V2 |
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Term
Name the three pairs of salivary glands
Functions |
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Definition
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands
Lubrication of mouth cavity, and moistening of food bolus, and early stage of digestion (saliva has electrolytes and digestive enzymes) |
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Term
| What innervates the parotid glands? |
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Definition
| Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion carried by the auriculotemporal nerve; preganglionic fibers originate from glossopharyngeal nerve |
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Term
| What innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands? |
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Definition
| Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from submandibular ganglion carried by the lingual nerve; preganglionic fibers originate with chords tympani fibers from facial nerve |
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Term
| Which muscles holds food between the teeth for chewing? |
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Definition
| Buccinator; it's also a muscle of facial expression innervated by the facial nerve |
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Term
| What controls contraction of the tongue muscles and pushes food form oral cavity to oropharynx ? |
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Definition
| Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII); |
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Term
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Definition
It's part of the respiratory and digestive systems
-Musculofibrous tube from base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
-Has 3 parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
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Term
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Definition
-From soft palate to upper border of epiglottis
-Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches in its lateral walls
-Palatine tonsils between the folds
-Lingual tonsil on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| -Lie between the palatoglossal arch anteriorly and palatopharyngeal arch posteriorly |
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Term
| What occurs during a tonsillectomy? |
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Definition
-Heavy bleeding from the tonsillar artery
-Injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve may occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Depressions between the tongue and epiglottis where food may become trapped in |
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Term
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Definition
-From upper border of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage
-Has a perform recess- which is a depression on each side of the laryngeal inlet |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharp objects damage here-> damages the internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve |
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Term
| 4 layers of the wall of the pharynx |
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Definition
1) mucous membrane- continuous with the lining of the oral and nasal cavities, auditory tubes, and larynx
2) submucosa
3) muscular layer
4) buccopharyngeal fascia |
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Term
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Definition
-Site of abscess formation-> dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
- rupture of the abscess can cause aspiration pneumonia
-Pathway for spread of infection to the pharynx-> mediastinitis |
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Term
| Muscles of the pharynx (external circular layer) |
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Definition
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor |
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Term
| Muscles of the pharynx (internal longitudinal layer) |
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Definition
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus |
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Term
| Superior pharyngeal constrictors |
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Definition
| Inserts into base of skull and a median fibrous raphe |
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Term
| Middle pharyngeal constrictors |
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Definition
| Overlap superior constrictors above |
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Term
| Inferior pharyngeal constrictors |
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Definition
| Overlap middle constrictors above and are continuous inferiorly with the muscle of the esophagus |
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Term
| What is the lower part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cricopharyngeus do? IT ACTS AS AN UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER! |
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Definition
| Acts as UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER in which it relaxes for food to pass form the pharynx into the esophagus during swallowing; also prevents regurgitation |
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Term
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Definition
| Passes between superior and middle constrictors |
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Term
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Definition
| Descends from the auditory tube cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes origin in the soft palate and inserts with the stylopharyngess into the thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall |
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Term
| What innervates the pharynx? |
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Definition
-Glossopharyngeal servers which supply motor to stylopharyngeus muscles
-Phayngeal plexus |
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Term
| What is the pharyngeal plexus composed of? |
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Definition
1) Glossopharyngeal nerves (sensory)
2) Vagus nerves (CN X) which are motor to all except the stylopharyngeus
3) superior cerical sympathetic ganglion (vasomotor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Covered with mucous membrane to form the epiglottis |
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Term
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Definition
-Serves as passage for pharynx in the neck and stomach in the abdomen
-anterior to bodies of the thoracic vertebrae
-Inclines slightly toward the left to transverse the diaphragm at the esophageal hiatus at T10 |
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Term
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Definition
-Upper 1/3 consists of striated voluntary muscles
-Middle 1/3 consists of striated and smooth muscles MIXED
-Lower 1/3 consists of smooth (involuntary) muscles min the 1/3 of its length |
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Term
| Where are teethe constrictions of the esophagus? |
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Definition
1) junction between pharynx
2) Crossing the arch of the aorta and left main broncos
3) Esophageal hiatus |
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Term
| Where is the lower esophageal sphincter? |
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Definition
| At the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. it prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus |
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Term
| What type of epithelium lines the esophagus? |
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Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| What innervates the esophagus? |
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Definition
Parasympathetic innervation from vagus nerve and also sympathetic innervation;
Together these form the esophageal plexus and converge into anterior and posterior vagal trunks |
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Term
| Esophagus cervical supply |
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Definition
| Come from branches of the inferior thyroid artery |
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Term
| Esophageal thoracic supply |
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Definition
| Mainly from esophageal artery that branch directly from the descending thoracic aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| process that transfer food bolus from mouth through pharynx and esophagus into stomach. Solid food is masticated and mixed with saliva to form a soft bolus which is easier to swallow |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) (voluntary) Bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from mouth into oropharynx, mainly coordinated by movements of muscles of the tongue and soft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| (involuntary and rapid) Soft palate is elevated sealing off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Pharynx widens and shortens to receive the bolus as the supra hyoid muscles and the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| (involuntary) sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles force the food bolus inferiorly into the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
Difficulty swallowing
Caused by nerve or muscle problems
Stroke, cancer, GERD, or symptoms as several different neurological disorders |
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