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chest
random
14
Medical
Professional
04/29/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Regarding follow up and management of pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on non-screening CT, what's the most important cutoff to remember, according to the Fleishner Society criteria?
Definition

>8mm

About 20% are malignant

 

Follow-up CT at 3, 9, and 24 months, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT evaluation, PET, and/or biopsy.

Term
You are evaluating a 1cm pulmonary nodule using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT technique. What are you looking for?
Definition

Enhancement > 15 HU is sensitive, but not specific for malignancy.

 

<= 15 HU is always benign.

Term
What are false positives and false negatives when using PET or PET-CT to evaluate a solitary pulmonary nodule?
Definition

False positives: Inflammatory processes, eg sarcoid.

 

False negatives: carcinoid tumor, bronchoioloalveolar carcinoma

Term
Multiple pulmonary micronodules in a child, what do you think of?
Definition

LIP (AIDS)

Viral infection

Maybe hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Term
Cavitary lesions on CXR, what are some causes?
Definition
  • TB
  • Fungal infection
  • Cavitary pneumonia
  • Metastasis, eg H&N, cervical, squamous
  • Papillomatosis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Wegener's granulomatosis
  • Septic emboli
Term
What are the causes of pulmonary artery hypertension?
Definition

Precapillary

  • primary PAH
  • thromboembolism
  • L to R shunt
  • Eisenmenger

Parenchymal

  • COPD
  • chronic ILD

Postcapillary

  • CHF
  • mitral stenosis
  • pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Term
What are the most common causes of mitral valve stenosis?
Definition

rheumatic heart disease

congenital

endocarditis

carcinoid

Term
What are the most common causes of aortic valve stenosis?
Definition

Acquired, such as

Rheumatic disease

Senile/degenerative

 

Congenital, such as

subvalvular

bicuspid/unicuspid valvular

supravalvular (rare)

Term
What are some common causes of pericardial calcification?
Definition

TB or other infection

uremia

granulomatous disease

radiation

trauma

 

Term
If you are thinking about congenital heart disease and you see opacity/edema in the RUL, think about:
Definition
Mitral regurgitation
Term
CHF in a newborn, DDx = ?
Definition

Extracardiac shunt: hemangioendothelioma, VOG

Systemic: maternal diabetes, thyroid, anemia, sepsis

Left sided obstruction: critical coarct, AS, LV dysfunction, MV stenosis, cor triatriatum, HLH, pulmonary venous atresia/stenosis

Volume overload: MR, TR, ASD, L-TGA

Term
What are some associations with aortic coarctation?
Definition

Bicuspid Ao valve

Turner syndrome

berry aneurysms

NF 1

Williams syndrome

Sturge-Weber

Term
On cxr, what could look like Ebstein's with a very large heart but increased pulmonary vasculature?
Definition
AV canal
Term
On cxr, how does AV canal look compared to dilated cardiomyopathy?
Definition

In AV canal, the Rt is bigger.

In dilated CM, the Lt is bigger.

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