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| Particles that are smaller than an atom. Examples of subatomic particles include; protons, neutrons and electrons. |
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| Almost the entire mass of the atom-contianing the atom's protons and neutrons bound together. The nucleus has an overall positive charge. |
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| Subatomic particles that have a negative charge and surround the nucleus of an atom in the electron cloud. |
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| A pure substance, made of only one type of atom |
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| A table used for organizing and classifying elements. |
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| A 1-3 letter abbreviation to represent an element. Some abbreviations are nonintuitive due to the origin of the element's name. Eg; gold -Au (from the Latin 'aurum') |
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| The vertical columns of the periodic table |
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| Horizontal row of the periodic table |
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| The change in a period of elements as you move across the period, from one side of the periodic table to another. There are many different trends, e.g. moving left to right across a period the atoms decrease in size. |
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| A subatomic particle found in the nucleus that carries a positive electric charge and has a mass of about 1 amu. |
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| The large, whole number indicated in the periodic table for each element. This number indicates the number of BOTH protons and electrons that an atom of that specific element contains. E.g. Helium (Atomic Number 2) has two protons and two electrons. |
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| A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom that carries a neutral electric charge and has a mass of 1 amu. |
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| A general term for subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom, i.e. protons and neutrons. |
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| Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons, but still have the same number of electrons and protons. |
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| The smaller, decimal number, usually under the Atomic Symbol, which represents the average mass of an atom of a particular element, aka protons and neutrons (averaged from total isotopes and their frequencies). Given in units of amu |
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| Fluid, takes the shape of its container, atoms move faster than solid, but not as fast as gases. |
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| How to calculate number of neutrons in an atom |
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| Subtract atomic number from the mass number, and round up to the nearest whole number. Answers must always be given to the nearest whole numnber. (There is no such thing as 0.4356 a neutron) |
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| The arrangement of electrons within the electron cloud by energy level. |
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| The outermost electrons (found in the furthest shells of an atom) These are the first electrons to participate in chemical bonding. |
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| Different ratios in which atoms of different elements combine to form a new substance. E.g. Water (h20) and salt (NaCl) |
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| Phase of matter in which particles are moving very fast, takes the shape of the container |
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| Particles are held together and fixed in a 3D shape, particles do vibrate in place, does not take the shape of its contianer |
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| Temperature at which particles of a substance recieve enough energy to begin evaporating |
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| the Color, hardness, density, texture, and phase of a substance |
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| A change in a substance's physical property; i.e; color, phase or shape, but still remain the same substance. E.G. water freezing, paper ripping, ect. |
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| The ability of a substance to react with another substance and to form bonds |
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| The force of attraction between two atoms, that holds them bonded together |
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| A change in how atoms are bonded together, usually to produce a new substance, e.g. paper burning, a car rusting, ect. |
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