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Chemotherapy
Pharmacology Exam
17
Pharmacology
Professional
12/10/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
spontaneous generation
Definition
instead of the idea that people get sick because they are not a very good person
Term
germ theory
Definition
Louis Pasteur discovered,in the late 19th century, that some infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, small organisms too small to see without magnification, that invade the host.
Term
Paul Ehrlick
Definition
discovered the Magic bullet
Term
John Lister; Listerine
Definition
basis for antiseptic use; introduction of phenol to sterilize surgical instruments and wounds
Term
Ignaz Semmelweis
Definition
hand washing in maternity ward
Term
magic bullet
Definition
search fo rantimicrobial drug that specifically toxic to microbes
Term
"bad cells"
Definition
cancer and pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Term
selective toxicity
Definition
maximize death of "bad cells" while preserving "good cells" meaning they don't have exclusive toxicity and not specific toxicity, they still can have effect on "good cells"
Term
determinants of toxicity
Definition
chemical nature, species drug is administered to, pharmaceutics; the way it is administered, administration regimen, concurrent exposure to other substances
Term
median of lethal dose (LD50)
Definition
dose required to kill 50% of the population; specific to experimental conditions, practical utility in clinical toxicology is controversial
Term
classification by target microorganism
Definition
"antibacterial" "antifungal" "antiviral" "antiprotozoal"
Term
cidal
Definition
completely killing organisms that currently exist
Term
static
Definition
prevents any new organisms from being produced, all current organisms are still there
Term
log-kill hypothesis
Definition
cell kill occurs by first order kinetics, not absolutely N(t)=Noexp(-kt)
Term
cells repopulate when drug concentrations fall below threshold
Definition
between doses or due to emergence of resistance
Term
end point of cell death is probabalistic
Definition
you cannot have a fraction of a cell so there is a probability that a cell still exists at the endpoint administration
Term
polypharmacy
Definition
to overcome resistance and to reduce dose-dependent toxicities of one agent
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