Term
Explain/describe "myelosuppression" resulting from chemo drugs |
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Definition
- secondary to damage to rapidly dividing stem cells
- lowest pt of myelosuppresion is usually 5-7d
- PMNS andplatelets affected most b/c of short lifespan
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Term
Explain/describe "GI toxicity" from chemo drugs |
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Definition
- Intestinal epith replaces every 3-5 days (takes that long to migrate from vilus to tips)
- results in delayed signs-->inappetance, nausea, vomition, and/or diarrhea
- 2 mechanisms:
- direct damage to intestinal epeithelial cells
- onset is 5-7 days after tx
- Triggering of CRTZvia stimulation of vagal afferents/centrally mediated events
- onset is 24 hrs
- use antiemetics prior to and following administrationg if hx of chemo induced emesis
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Term
Alkylating agent mechanism and Example drugs |
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Definition
- Inserts alkylating agent into DNA strands-->disrupts production and protein synthesis
- Cyclophosphamide
- Chlorambucil
- CCNU, BCNU
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Term
(alkylating agent) Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) |
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Definition
- Sterile hemorrhage cystitis (5% of dogs)
- GI and myelosuppression (mild-moderate)
- may take months to resolve
- give furosemide prophylactically to prevent
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Term
(alkylating agent) Chlorambucil (leukeran) |
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Definition
- none
- mild GI and myelosuppression
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Term
(alkylating agent) CCNU, BCNU (Lomustine, carmustine) |
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Definition
- GI and myelosuppression (mild-moderate)
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Term
(horomes) Prednisone (prednisolone in cats) |
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Definition
- Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism can be severe
- decrease dose to decrease side effects
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Term
Antimetabolites mechanism and example drugs |
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Definition
- inserts DNA analogs into DNA during replication
- Methotrexate
- Cytosine arabinoside (cytosar)
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Term
(Antimetabolites) Methotrexate |
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Definition
- Nephrotoxic at high doses
- GI and myelosuppression (mild)
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Term
(antimetabolite) Cytosine arabinoside
(cytosar) |
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Definition
- GI (mild)
- myelosuppression (mild-moderate)
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Term
Plant derived drugs (alkaloids) mechanism and example drugs |
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Definition
- interferes with spindle formation during the cell cycle
- Vincristine (oncovin)
- Vinblastine (velban)
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Term
(Plant derived drugs-alkaloids)
Vincristine (Oncovin) |
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Definition
- GI and myelosuppression (mild-moderate)
- Perivascular slough
- Constipation (cats)
- increased platelet counts
- Peripheral neuropathy (dogs) rare
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Term
(Plant derived drugs-alkaloids)
Vinblastin
(Velban) |
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Definition
- Gi (mild)
- Myelosuppression (moderate)
- perivascular slough
- used when problems with vincristine (ie constipation in cats)
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Term
Antitumor Antibiotics Mechanism and example drugs |
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Definition
- Topoisomerase II inhibitor
- which normally unwinds DNA and nicks it during replication--these drugs prevent it from putting DNA back together
- Free radical generator
- distrupts DNA structure
- Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
- mitoxantrone (novatrone)
- Actinomycin-D (cosmogen)
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Term
(Antitumor antibiotics)
Doxorubicin (adriamycin) |
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Definition
- GI and myelosuppression (moderate-severe)
- Anaphylaxis during administration
- Cumulative cardiotoxicity (looks like DCM)
- Perivascular slough
- Nephrotoxic in cats
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Term
(Antitumor antibiotics)
Mitoxantrone (novatrone) |
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Definition
- Gi and myelosuppression (moderate-severe)
- $$
- minimal perivascular irritation
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Term
(Antitumor antibiotics)
Actinomycin-D (cosmogen) |
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Definition
- Perivascular sloughing
- minimally cardiotoxic
- $$
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Term
Miscellaneous Cisplatin (platinol) |
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Definition
DON"T USE IN CATS - GI and myelosuppression (moderate-severe)
- Nephrotoxic (give with diuretic)
- Fatal in cats!!! (pulumonary edema)
- Emetogenic
- Mechanism: disrupts DNA
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Term
Miscellaneous Carboplatin (paraplatin) |
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Definition
- GI and myelosuppression (mild-severe)
- Delayed WBC low (10-14 d)
- SAFE IN CATS
- most toxic in small dogs vs lg dogs
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Term
Miscellaneous Asparaginase (elspar) |
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Definition
- GI and myelosuppression (mild)
- Anaphylaxis after administration (risk increases with each dose)
- Mechanism: lyses asparginine (most cells make asparginine, but lymphs don't make it as much which is why we use it for lymphoma)
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Term
Miscellaneous Piroxicam (feldene) |
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Definition
- GI erosions/ulcers (mild-severe)
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