Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chemo 3
Slides 200-293
45
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/18/2010

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Cards

Term
What is the mechanism of action for Dapsone?
Definition
Dapsone inhibits folic acid synthesis
Term
What leprosy medication causes reddish-brown pigmentation of the skin and tissues?
Definition
Clofazimine
Term
Sporadic or recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis infections applis to how many infections withing 1 year?
Definition
Recurrent applies to more than 4 episodes within 12 months
Term
Complicated fungal infections are referring to what?
Definition
Complicated usually refers to immunocompromised or poorly/uncontrolled diabetes.
Term
What are the preferred agents to treat oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis infections?
Definition
Fluconazole and Itraconazole
Term
What fungal medication is a "pore former"-altering fungal cellular permeability?
Definition
Amphotericin B
Term
What medication is also known as "amphoterrible?
Definition
Amphotericin B
Term
How can infusion-related adverse effects of Amphotericin B be minimized?
Definition
Manage with premedication with ibuprofen or co-infusion of hydrocortisone, and meperidine for chills
Term
Why can't amphotericin B be used with aminoglycosides?
Definition
Nephrotoxicity
Term
How can nephrotoxicity from amphotericin B be reduced?
Definition
Saline infusion before and after amphotericin b infusion-keeps kidneys flushed
Term
Is nephrotoxicity higher or lower with the lipid forumulation of Amphotericin B?
Definition
Lower
Term
Are infusion-related reactions more or less intense with the lipid formulation of Amphotericin B?
Definition
More intense-since the medication is encapsulated in lipids, in can be stored in GI tract/lymph nodes and have a sustained release
Term
What medication was originally made into a popsicle?
Definition
Nystatin
Term
What antifungal is rarely used because of it's high level of toxicity?
Definition
Flucytosine
Term
Patients with renal insufficiency taking flucytosine or those receiving concurrent amphotericin B therapy might have what adverse effect?
Definition
Bone marrow depression
Term
What sign will patients present with prior to serious renal damage when taking Flucytosine?
Definition
Patients will have an increase in blood pressure prior to nephrotoxicity
Term
If you gave flucytosine and amphotericin B together, would you increase or decrease the dose of amphotericin B?
Definition
They are typically used together so amphotericin B can be used at a lower dose to mimimize toxicity
Term
Do azoles require an acidic or basic environment to be absorbed?
Definition
Acidic environment
Term
What is the name of the azole that dose not require an acidic environment for absorption?
Definition
Fluconazole
Term
What azole can cause gyencomastia, decreased libido, and oligospermia?
Definition
Ketoconazole
Term
What drugs can slow absorption of azoles?
Definition
Drugs that decrease gastric acid secretion, like H2 blockers and PPIs
Term
What medication's absorption is improved when taken with fatty meal?
Definition
Griseofulvin
Term
What medication is excreted in perspiration?
Definition
Griseofulvin
Term
What anti-fungal causes an impaired sense of taste?
Definition
Terbinafine
Term
What is valacyclovir converted to in a first pass hydrolysis reaction?
Definition
Acyclovir
Term
What is an adverse effect of acyclovir and valacyclovir if patients are not kept hydrated?
Definition
Crystallization of drug in renal tubules and collecting ducts causes reversible renal dysfunction.
Term
What medication can be given with Cidofovir to reduce nephrotoxicity?
Definition
Probenacid and hydration slows uptake into proximal tubule cells
Term
What medication is the antisense to mRNA of cytomegalovirus?
Definition
Fomivirsen
Term
What medication for cytomegalovirus is injected directly into the vitreous humor of the eye?
Definition
Fomivirsen
Term
What makes Foscarnet different than other anti-viral medications?
Definition
There is no lethal synthesis required.
Term
What CMV medications are similar to Acyclovir in structure, function and activation but more toxic?
Definition
Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir
Term
What is the mechanism of action for Ribavirin?
Definition
lethal synthesis activation-impacts assembly of viral components
Term
True or False: Ribavirin can be used safely in pregnant women
Definition
False. It is contraindicated in pregnancy women and male partners of pregnant women.
Term
Why is it important to know the patient's HIV status before starting Adefovir therapy?
Definition
Mechanism of action is identical to HIV medications but at lower doses, which can cause HIV resistance
Term
What are common black box warnings for Hepatitis B medications?
Definition
Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly
Term
"Sulfone syndrome" is an adverse effect of what medication?
Definition
Dapsone
Term
Are topical or oral medications preferred for mycotic infections of the toe and fingernails?
Definition
Oral
Term
What CMV medications are carcinogenic and teratogenic?
Definition
Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir
Term
What 2 medications are used in nursing homes to prevent the flu?
Definition
Amantadine and Rimantadine
Term
What 2 flu medications are used to shorten the duration of the flu?
Definition
Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
Term
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
Definition
RSV
Term
How long does a couple need to use 2 forms of birth control after using Ribavirin?
Definition
It is recommended for up to 6 months following Ribavirin treatment
Term
What is the mechanism of action for Adefovir and other Hep B medications?
Definition
Inhibits reverse transcriptase
Term
What is a common adverse effect of Adefovir and other Hep B medications with abrupt stoppage?
Definition
Hep B exacerbation
Term
Why is it important to know the patients HIV status before starting Lamivudine for Hep B?
Definition
A low dose of the drug will treat Hep B and cause resistance in HIV, and a higher dose is needed to treat HIV.
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