Term
| What are the two basic components of an amino acid? |
|
Definition
| amino group and carboxylic acid |
|
|
Term
| What are proteins made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What amino acid is a risk factor for cardiac problems and osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helps to lower homocysteine levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What amino acid is used in Japan to treat peptic ulcers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the digestive tract are amino acids absorbed into blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the breakdown of amino acids? |
|
Definition
| amino acids are deaminated to give ammonia which is converted to urea excreted by kidneys |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of aminoacidurias caused by overflow? |
|
Definition
| PKU- phenylketonuria, and maple syrup urine disease |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for branched chain ketoaciduria? |
|
Definition
| maple syrup urine disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the plasma level of amino acids in renal aminoaciduria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is characterized by an inability to metabolize phenylalanine and could cause mental retardation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What amino acid is associated with PKU? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What amino acids are associated with maple syrup urine disease? |
|
Definition
| leucine, isoleucine and valine |
|
|
Term
| What amino acid is associated with homocystinuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three congenital amino acid disorders screened for in newborns in Louisiana? |
|
Definition
| PKU, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary level of structure of an amino acid? |
|
Definition
| amino acid sequence- covalent peptide bonds |
|
|
Term
| What is the secondary structure of an amino acid? |
|
Definition
| chains fold into coils or helices- H bonds |
|
|
Term
| What is the tertiary structure of amino acids? |
|
Definition
| 3-D orientation in space- hydrophobic, hydrophilic and disulfide bonds |
|
|
Term
| What is the quaternary structure of amino acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bonds are associated with secondary structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bonds are associated with primary structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bonds are associated with tertiary structure? |
|
Definition
| hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and disulfide bonds |
|
|
Term
| Where are most plasma proteins synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do most immunoglobulins originate from? |
|
Definition
| plasma cells in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What are three examples of plasma proteins that are used for transport? |
|
Definition
| hemoglobin, transferrin, TBG |
|
|
Term
| What plasma protein is used for coagulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What plasma protein functions to regulate osmotic balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 functions of plasma proteins? |
|
Definition
| nutritive role, transport, immunity, coagulation, regulation of osmotic balance, maintenance of acid-base balance, enzymes |
|
|
Term
| What units is total protein measured in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reference method for measurement of total protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What method is commonly used for measurement of total protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wavelength is used in the Biuret method of measuring total protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta gamma bridging is diagnostic of what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated a2 and decrease in all others indicates what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does parasitic infestation increase or decrease serum protein? |
|
Definition
| increases- hyperproteinemia |
|
|
Term
| Does nephrotic syndrome increase or decrease serum proteins? |
|
Definition
| decrease- hypoproteinemia |
|
|
Term
| Does chronic inflammatory disease increase or decrease serum proteins? |
|
Definition
| increase- hyperproteinemia |
|
|
Term
| What are the five bands in serum protein electrophoresis? |
|
Definition
| albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, gamma |
|
|
Term
| What is the main cause of proteinuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two problems in the nephron that could cause proteinuria? |
|
Definition
| increased glomerular permeability, defective tubular reabsorption |
|
|
Term
| What is the qualitative method for measurement of urine proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two dyes are used for quantitative measure of urine protein? |
|
Definition
| coomassie brilliant blue, Ponceau S |
|
|
Term
| What are the two methods of quantitative measure of urine proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Albumin makes up what percent of total protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of calcium is bound by albumin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For every drop in albumin of 1 g/dL, how much of a drop in calcium would you expect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which protein can be used to monitor long term nutritional status? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two tests used to measure microalbumin? |
|
Definition
| immunoassay or chromatography |
|
|
Term
| What is microalbumin used for? |
|
Definition
| early detection of diabetic renal disease |
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