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| Mendeleev organized the known elements into a table using atomic mass and chemical reactivity and predicted the existence of undiscovered elements. Each block has an atomic number/symbol/atomic mass. Each characterized by a different number of protons and a corresponding number of electrons. Patterns of their behavior. Ionization energies are plotted. The main purpose: 1. classification elements into groups with similar properties. 2. to predict the possibilities of new elements based on their properties. The modern table consists of arrangements of elements in 3 categories. 1. metals 2. non-metals 3. metalloids (in between) |
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| assumes the shape and volume of its container compressible lots of free space between particles flows easily particles can move past one another |
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| retains a fixed volume and shape rigid particles locked into place not easily compressible little free space between particles does not flow easily rigid particles cannot move/slide past one another |
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| assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another not easily compressible little free space between particles flows easily particles can move/slide past one another |
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| The act or procedure of liquefying or melting together by heat (to fuse together). The liquid or melted state induced by heat. A union resulting from fusing. The merging of different elements into a union. Atomic fusion would be a much cleaner and safer form of energy generation than atomic fission. Unfortunately, the ability to carry this so called "cold fusion" has not yet been developed |
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| A mode of radioactive decay in which a nucleus of high mass # SPLITS into 2 roughly equal and separate parts (and often 1 or more free neutrons). When atomic nuclei are unstable they decompose. Nuclear reactors use atomic fission to create energy. The fissionable material (also called the pile) is held in a container surrounded by water Thus nuclear reactors are considered to produce "clean" energy. However, there is great risk |
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| a substance that accelerates the rate (speed) or ease of a chemical reaction without itself being changed at the end of the chemical reaction |
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| Oxidation & Reduction Reactions |
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| Any metal that corrodes or rusts is undergoing an oxidation reaction. All batteries work via oxidation/reduction reactions. In an oxidation reaction a chemical loses electrons. In a reduction reaction a chemical gains electrons. These reactions are coupled because when one occurs, the other is likely to occur as well. |
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| rearrangement of atoms so the products of the reaction are different than the reactants. Sometimes this occurs very quickly (as in a combustion reaction), and sometimes this occurs very slowly (as in some oxidation-reduction reactions--e.g., iron rusting |
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| the process where atoms or molecules combine or bond together, usually to form a new material |
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