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Definition
matter containing particles
undergo 'acid dissociation' in aqueous phase
produce hydromium ion and an appropriate strong/weak anion |
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Definition
difference between the internal energy of the transition state for a given reaction/temperature and the average internal energy of the reaction molecules/temperature
E(a) = E(trans) - E(react) |
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Definition
Electrically neutral particle of matter comprising of the smallest possible amount of a given chemical element
Composed of equal numbers of protons/electrons and enough neutrons to effect the appropriate atomic mass |
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Definition
condition of a chemical reaction mixture in which all reactant substances and all product substances are present together
The amount of each substance remaining constant overtime, and the overall free energy of the reaction mixture then being a minimum
The rate of the reaction in its forward direction being equal to the rate of the reaction in its reverse direction |
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Definition
Process in which valence electrons in one/more substances (reactants) are re-distributed causing chemical bonds to break off the first, and then form on the second.
The presence of new chemical bonds being shown by giving the chemical formulas of one or more different substances (products) |
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Definition
Matter with invariable composition
Atoms/ions made of at least two different elements
Represented by a chemical formula |
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Definition
A compound that has the smallest particle possible amount of a molecule comprising 2+ atoms of 2+ non-metal elements
Sharing of valence electrons |
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Definition
matter with invariable composition with the smallest amount being an atom (same protons)
Represented by chemical symbol (Upper case, lowercase) |
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Definition
| reactant(s) that is left after chemical reaction - even if reaction proceeds from a given initial state all the way to completion |
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| Smallest possible amount of ionic compound comprising the simplest combination of cation/anion/ionic compound resulting in electrical neutrality |
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Definition
Relatively strong inter-molecular bonding
Covalently bonded Hydrogen atom (positive charge) is attracted/interacts with negative atom (different molecule) |
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Definition
Pure matter having invariable composition
Comprised of an electrically neutral and simple combination of cation/anion forming a 'formula unit'
Individual ions are: monatomic or polyatomic
Contain elements classified as metal and non-metal
Metal compounds = ionic compound |
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Reactant in a chemical reaction that can be totally consumed by reaction, thereby ending the reaction as a process
Does not occur in real reactions, but rather chemical equilibrium |
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| Amount of an element containing Avogrado's Number of atoms or molecules (if covalent, formula units, ionic) |
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| Electrically neutral particle of matter comprised of: small amount of a covalent compound (bond via sharing of valence electrons) and 2+ electrically neutral atoms of 2+ elements |
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Definition
Particle of matter with permanent negative electric charge and one atom of a non-metallic element gaining 1+ valence electrons in a chemical reaction
Formed |
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Definition
| Particle of matter with permanent positive electric charge and one atom of a metallic element losing 1+ valence electrons in a chemical reaction |
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Measure of how far a reaction progresses from initial state to completion.
Expressed as percentage (<100%) |
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Definition
Non-metal atoms unequally sharing pair of valence electrons
Atom with more electrons = partial negative charge
Atom with less electrons = partial positive charge |
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| Particle of matter having a permanent electric charge (positive/negative) comprised of 2+ atoms with different elements covalently bonded by sharing valence electrons |
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Definition
Theoretical high energy condition formed by:
collisions between molecules of reactant whose combined
E(internal) >= E(transition)
or
collision between molecules of product with combined E(internal), bond breaking/forming in transition state which provides pathway for reactants to interact and form products/reactants |
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Definition
| Amount of a given product of chemical reactive formed from initial state to completion (total consumption - maximum amount that can really be formed) |
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Definition
| Type of matter containing molecules that all undergo acid dissociation in aqueous phase |
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