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| The prescientific investigation of substances, including the search for ways to change common metals into gold. |
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| The layer of gases surrounding a planet. |
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| The smallest particle of an element. |
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| The number assigned to an element, based on the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. |
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| The clear, amber solution that is the liquid portion of blood. |
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| An attractive force acting between atoms. |
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| Divided into units that correspond to a standard. |
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| The unit of energy that will raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. |
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| A group of carbon-based nutrients, including sugars and starches. |
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| A compound made from carbon and oxygen; CO2. |
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| A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas. |
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| A code that represents the number and kinds of atoms in one particle of a substance. |
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| A characteristic of a substance that determines how it interacts with other substances. |
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| A process during which starting substances (reactants) change into new substances (products) with different arrangements of atoms. |
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| A chemical reaction, commonly called burning. |
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| A substance whose particle is made of two or more different kinds of atoms. |
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| Reduced in volume as a result of applied pressure. |
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| A solution with a large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of solvent. |
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| The amount of solute dissolved in a measure of solvent. |
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| The change of phase from gas to liquid. |
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| The transfer of energy (heat) from one particle to another as a result of contact. |
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| The reduction of volume of a sample of matter as a result of cooling. |
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| Earth's hard outer layer of solid rock. |
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| An instrument used to create new elements. |
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| The ratio of mass and volume in a sample of matter. |
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| The change of phase from gas directly to solid. |
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| A solution with a small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of solvent. |
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| To incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level. |
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| The solid phase of carbon dioxide. |
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| A subatomic particle with a negative charge. |
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| A fundamental substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances by chemical or physical processes. |
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| The movement of energy from one location to another. |
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| A condition in which a system is experiencing no net change. |
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| The change of phase from liquid to gas. |
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| To change phase from liquid to solid. |
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| A phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume. Particles of gas fly independently through space. |
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| Existing in the gas phase. |
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| The increase of average temperature worldwide. |
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| Heat that causes the solid/liquid phase change without changing the temperature of the substance. |
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| A group of carbon-based substances made of carbon and hydrogen only. |
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| Not capable of being dissolved. Sand is insoluble in water. |
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| Molten rock flowing on Earth's surface. |
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| A group of organic substances that includes oils and fats. |
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| A phase of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape. Particles of liquid are loosely bonded, but can flow over and around one another. |
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| The large rocky part of planet Earth, located between the core and the crust. |
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| A measure of the quantity of matter. |
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| Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
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| To change phase from solid to liquid. |
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| A group of elements that stretch, bend, and conduct heat and electricity. |
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| Two or more substances together. |
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| A particle made of two or more atoms that are held together with strong (covalent) bonds. |
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| A subatomic particle with no charge. |
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| A colorless, odorless, gaseous element that makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere. |
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| A gaseous element that does not react with other elements. |
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| The center of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons. |
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| An eight-carbon molecule. Octane is one of the main ingredients in gasoline. |
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| A large class of substances produced by organisms. |
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| The smallest piece of a substance that is still that substance. |
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| Periodic table of the elements |
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| A way to organize the elements based on atomic number and chemical property. |
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| The physical appearance of a sample of matter based on the kinetic energy of its particles. Common phases include solid, liquid, and gas. |
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| A plant tissue that transports nutrients to all parts of the plant. |
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| A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it chemically, such as size, shape, density, and phase |
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| An impure form of potassium carbonate. |
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| An insoluble product of a reaction. |
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| To make an accurate estimation of a future event based on knowledge. |
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| A substance produced in a chemical reaction. |
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| A group of nitrogen-containing organic substances. |
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| A subatomic particle that has a positive charge. |
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| A form of energy that travels through space. |
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| Radiation given off by the elements. |
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| The relationship between two numbers. |
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| A starting substance in a chemical reaction. |
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| The average kinetic energy of the particles in the air and other objects in a room. |
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| The product that forms when a metal reacts with an acid. |
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| A solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute. |
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| Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) |
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| An instrument that can create images of arrays of atoms. |
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| A phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around. |
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| Capable of being dissolved. Table salt is soluble in water. |
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| A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. |
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| A mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another. |
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| A substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution. |
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| To change phase from solid to gas. |
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| A type of matter defined by a unique particle. |
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| Matter through which an image can be seen clearly. |
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| Moving rapidly back and forth. |
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| A defined quantity of space. |
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| A plant tissue that transports water and minerals to all parts of the plant. |
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