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Definition
| Contain only carbon and hydrogen and can be divided into 4 families: alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and alkynes |
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| saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only carbon and hydrogen and have only carbon-to-hydrogen and carbon -to-carbon single bonds Example: ethane CH3CH3 |
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Definition
| a substituted hydrocarbon with thegeneral structure R-X, in which R-represents any alkyl group and X=a halogen (F-, Cl-, Br- or I-) |
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Definition
| are macromolecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers |
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| the oxidation of hydrocarbons by burning in the presence of air to produce carbon dioxide and water |
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Definition
| Contain a carbon and hydrogen |
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Definition
| no carbon to carbon multiple bonds (alkane) |
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Definition
are alkanes with one fewer hydrogen atoms
Example: methyl; ethyl; propyl; butyl; pentyl |
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Term
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Definition
| is directly bonded to one other carbon |
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Definition
| is bonded to two other carbon atoms |
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Definition
| is bonded to three other carbon atoms |
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Definition
| is bonded to four other carbon atoms |
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Definition
| International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry is responsible for establishing and maintaining a standard, universal system for naming organic compounds |
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Term
| condensed structural formula |
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Definition
| a structural formula showing all of the atoms in a molecule and placing them in a sequential arrangement that details which atoms are bonded to each other; the bonds themselves are not shown |
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Definition
| discrete, distinct isomeric structures that may be converted, one to the other, by rotation about the bonds in the molecule |
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Definition
| two molecules having the same molecular formulas, but different chemical structures |
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Definition
| a cyclic alkane; a saturated hydrocarbon that has the general formula CnH2n |
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Definition
| isomers that differ from one another in the placement of substituents on a double bond or ring |
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Definition
| an atom (or group of atoms and their bonds) that imparts specific chemical or physical properties to a molecule |
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Definition
| an isomer that differs from another isomer in the placement of substituents on a double bond or ring |
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Term
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Definition
| a reaction in which one of the C--H bonds of a hydrocarbon is replaced with a C--X bond (X=Br or Cl generally) |
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Definition
| a formula that provides the atoms and number of each type of atom in a molecule but gives no information regarding the bonding pattern involved in the structure of the molecule |
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Definition
| a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds ; an unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n |
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Definition
| an organic compound that contains the benzene ring or a derivative of the benzene ring |
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Term
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Definition
| an isomer that differs from another isomer in the placement of substituents on a double bond or a ring |
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Term
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Definition
| a reaction in which one of the C--H bonds of a hydrocarbon is replaced with a C--X bond (X=Br or Cl generally) |
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Definition
| a reaction inwhich water is added to a molecule,e.g., the addition of water to an alkene to form an alcohol |
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Definition
| a reaction in which hydrogen (H2) is added to a double or triple bond |
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Definition
| the rule stating that a hydrogen atom, adding to a carbon-carbon double bond, will add to the carbon having the larger number of hydrogens attached to it. |
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Definition
| a benzene ring that has had a hydrogen atom removed C6H5-- |
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Term
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Definition
| a hydrocarbon containing at least one multiple (double or triple) bond |
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