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| the smallest particle of an element |
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| a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
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| a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds. |
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| a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances. |
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MIXTURES: -heterogeneous -homogeneous |
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-parts of the mixture are noticeably different -the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to point out the two different substances |
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| a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers overtime. |
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| contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the large particles in a suspension. |
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| any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in a material |
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a liquid that has a resistence to flowing. ex: honey; very sticky and thick so it would take a longer time for a marble to fall through it than water |
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| a material's ability to let heat flow |
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the ability for a solid to be hammered without shattering. ex: gold |
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| the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
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| the temperature at which a substance boils |
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| occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material stay the same. |
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| occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances |
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| any ability to produce a change in the composition of a matter |
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| the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances |
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| the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen |
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States of Matter (SUBJECT-KEY) |
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| materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gasses based on wheather their shapes and volumes are definate or variable |
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| a state of matter in which materials have a definate shape and volume |
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| a state of matter where the materials have a definate volume, but not a definate shape |
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| a state of matter in which the materials have no definate volume or shape |
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| all particles of matter are in constant motion |
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| the energy an object has due to its motion |
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| the result of a force distributed over an area |
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factors that affect gas pressure (3 ANSWERS) |
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-raising temperature increases pressure if volume of gas and # of particles are constant -reducing volume increases pressure if temp. of gas and # of particles are constant -increasing # of particles increases gas pressure if temperature and volume are constant |
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states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temp and # of particles are constant: P1V1=P2V2 |
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the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temp in kelvins if pressure and # of particles of gas are constant: V1/T1=V2/T2 |
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| reversible phisical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another |
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| dense positively charged mass located in the center of the atom |
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| positively charged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| neutral subatomic particle in nucleus |
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| = # of protons in the atom of the element |
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| sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus |
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| atoms of same element that have different #s of neutrons and different mass numbers |
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| possible energies that electrons |
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| a visual model of the most likely locations for electrons in an atom |
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| a region of space around nucleus where electrons are found |
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| the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of the atom |
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| when all electrons have lowest possible energy |
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| an arrangement of of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row |
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each row in the table of elements |
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| each column on the periodic table |
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| pattern of repeating properties |
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| a measurment: one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
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| elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat |
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| elements that are poor conductors of electric current and heat |
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| elements with properties that fall between those of metals and non-metals |
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| a model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electron |
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| an atom that has a net positive or negative electric charge |
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| an ion with a negative charge |
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| an ion with a positive charge |
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| force that holds atoms and ions together as a unit |
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| force that holds anions and cations together |
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| notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the compound |
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| solids whose particles are arranged in lattice stucture |
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| a chemical bond in which two two atoms share a pair of valence electrons |
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| a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds |
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| a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally |
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| a covalently bonded group of atoms that has positive or negative charge |
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| single-replacement reaction |
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| double replacement reaction |
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