Term
| Why should GRAY top and PURPLE top tubes be AVOIDED when doing electrolyte testing? |
|
Definition
| They interfere with Calcium and also Contain Potassium |
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Term
| Which electrolytes are most affected by hemolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
A
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
B
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
C
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
D
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
E
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
F
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
G
[image] |
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Definition
| Dehydration, Cushing's, Diabetes insipidus |
|
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Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
H
[image] |
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Definition
| Hemolysis, Tissue trauma, Renal failure, Burns, Diabetes |
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Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
I
[image] |
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Definition
| Dehydration, Metabolic acidosis |
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Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
J
[image] |
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Definition
| Addison's Disease, Diuretics, Diarrhea, Kidney Disease, Heart Failure |
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Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
K
[image] |
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Definition
| Alkalosis, Insulin Excess |
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|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
L
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
M
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
N
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
O
[image] |
|
Definition
100-109
(Mayo Clinic >/= 18 years:98-107, <18 years: 102-112) |
|
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Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
P
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
Q
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fill in the chart. For "highest" and "lowest" levels, list only the most common conditions:
R (UAMS neonates)
[image] |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Number of particles present per unit of solution;
Proportional to concentration |
|
|
Term
| What are accepted normal ranges for osmolality for plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are accepted normal ranges for osmolality for urine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
How will an increased osmolality affect each of the following colligative properties:
Freezing Point |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How will an increased osmolality affect each of the following colligative properties:
Vapor Pressure |
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Definition
|
|
Term
How will an increased osmolality affect each of the following colligative properties:
Boiling Point |
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Definition
|
|
Term
How will an increased osmolality affect each of the following colligative properties:
Osmotic Pressure |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formula from class that is used to calculate osmolality? |
|
Definition
| 2(Na) + Glucose/20 + BUN/3 |
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|
Term
Calculate an osmolality from the following data (use the formula from class):
BUN 20 mg/dL
Glucose 100 mg/dL
Sodium 140 mEq/L |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common conditions responsible for hyperosmolality of serum? |
|
Definition
| Diabetes mellitus, Dehydration, Renal Failure, and Hyperproteinemia |
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|
Term
| What is the formula for delta osmolality? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for delta osmolality? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What 3 major substances are most commonly associated with an elevated delta osmolality? |
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Definition
| Methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol. Increased lipids, protein, or glucose |
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|
Term
| What is the most common cause of a delta osmolality <0? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is meant by "anion gap"? |
|
Definition
| Estimate of unmeasured electrolyte |
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|
Term
| Why is an "anion gap" measured? |
|
Definition
| Used to assess acid-base disorders and lab QC |
|
|
Term
| Give the formula for the anion gap |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for the "anion gap"? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
How will the "anion gap" be affected in the following conditions? (increased, decreased, or unaffected)
Salicylate Poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How will the "anion gap" be affected in the following conditions? (increased, decreased, or unaffected)
Ketosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How will the "anion gap" be affected in the following conditions? (increased, decreased, or unaffected)
Dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How will the "anion gap" be affected in the following conditions? (increased, decreased, or unaffected)
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most likely cause of an AG<5? |
|
Definition
| Lab Error OR Significant Increase in Na, K, Cl, or HCO3 |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a direct and indirect ISE analysis? |
|
Definition
Direct - NO Sample Dilution required
Indirect - Requires Sample Dilution |
|
|
Term
| What are the main sources of interference in the indirect ISE test? |
|
Definition
| Increased Lipids & Proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical significance of an elevated sweat chloride test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the procedure/technique used to collect sweat for analysis? |
|
Definition
| Pilocarpine iontophoresis |
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|
Term
| Which 2 analytes, when markedly decreased in serum, can cause tetany? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are oxalate & EDTA unacceptable anticoagulants for calcium analysis? |
|
Definition
| Both chelate Calcium, causing falsely Decreased results |
|
|
Term
| Why is the determination of ionized Calcium important? |
|
Definition
| This form is NOT bound to protein and is a better reflection of Calcium levels in patients that may have protein abnormalities or liver disease |
|
|
Term
What effect does each of the following have on serum Calcium levels:
PTH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What effect does each of the following have on serum Calcium levels:
Calcitonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What effect does each of the following have on serum Calcium levels:
Vitamin D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of elevated plasma Calcium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What common plasma cell disease is also associated with elevated Calcium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the Albumin concentration influence the level of Calcium? |
|
Definition
| Most Calcium is Albumin bound so when there are Increased levels of Albumin there will likely be Increased levels of Calcium |
|
|
Term
| Where is most body Iron found? |
|
Definition
| Blood / RBCs (Hemoglobin) |
|
|
Term
| What is the carrier protein for Iron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the storage form of Iron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the storage form of Iron stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Blood Loss, Pregnancy, Childhood, & Dietary Insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| Describe the typical RBC morphology in Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the TIBC test? |
|
Definition
| Indirect measure of Transferrin. Used to differentiate causes of Iron deficiency. |
|
|
Term
| How is TIBC calculated / What is the formula for TIBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures the degree to which the binding sites are saturated with Iron |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for %Tf Saturation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under what conditions (test results) can the TIBC & %Tf Saturation NOT be calculated? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
A
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
B
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
C
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
D
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
E
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
F
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
G
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
H
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
I
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
J
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
K
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete the chart below. Indicate whether the following conditions are typically associated with Increased, Normal, or Decreased test results:
L
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
