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Energy value of a quantum |
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Angular momentum of an electron |
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Electromagnetic energy of a photon of light |
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Electromagnetic energy of a photon of light, combining Bohr's and Planck's |
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Definition
E = hc/λ = -RH ( 1/n2i - 1/n2f) |
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Quantum difference between the energies of two shells as an electron moves further away from the nucleus |
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FC = V - Nnonbonding - (1/2)Nbonding
where V = valence e- |
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mol = weight of sample (g)/Molar weight (g/mol) |
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Equivalents = mass of compound(g)/Gram
equivalent weights (g) |
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Molarity = Normality/n
where n = number of ions produced or consumed per mole of compound in the rxn |
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% comp = (mass of X in formula/formula
weight of compound) X 100% |
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Percent Yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) X 100% |
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Equilibrium constant (Law of Mass Action), Keq |
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Ratio of forward and backward rate |
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Total internal energy of a system (ΔU) |
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Heat released or absorbed by a process, q |
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enthalpy of a reaction, ΔHrxn |
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ΔHrxn = Hproducts - Hreactants |
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Standard Heat of Reaction, ΔH°rxn |
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Definition
ΔH°rxn = Σ(ΔH°f of products) - Σ(ΔH°f of reactants) |
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Boltzmann constant (gas laws), k |
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µ = qr
q is the charge magnitude, r is the distance between partial charges |
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ΔS = Qrev
T
where Q = heat gained or lost in a reversible process |
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standard entropy change for a reaction |
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ΔS°rxn = ΣΔS°products -ΣΔS°reactants |
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Standard Gibbs Free Energy |
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Definition
ΔG°rxn = Σ(ΔG°f of products) -Σ(ΔG°f of reactants) |
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Free Energy related to Equilibrium Constant |
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Spontaneity of a reaction at some point of the process |
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Kinetic Energy of a molecule of gas (KE) |
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effusion, the flow of gas from one compartment to another |
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V/T = k or V1/T1 = V2/T2
or
V/T = nR/P |
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Van der Waals Equation of State |
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Definition
(P + n2a) (V - nb) = nRT
(V2)_____________ |
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Definition
ΔG = G(g) - G(s) = 0
or
G(g) = G(s) |
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Vapor point depression (Raolt's Law) |
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Definition
number of dissolved ions per mole of solute; for example, for NaCl, i = 2 |
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Solubility Product Constant, Ksp |
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Definition
In a solution dissolving AmBn(s) ↔ mAn+(aq) + nBm-(aq)
Ksp = [An+]m[Bm-]n |
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Water Dissociation Constant, Kw |
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pH = -log[H+] = log (1/[H+]) |
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titration of acids and bases |
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Definition
Ka = [H3O+][A-]
[HA]
Kb = [B+][OH-]
[BOH] |
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Product of acid and base dissociation constant |
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pH of a weak acid considering its conjugate base |
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Definition
pH = pKa + log [conjugate base]
[weak acid] |
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pOH of a weak base considering its conjugate acid |
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Definition
pOH = pKb + log [conjugate acid]
[weak base] |
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Definition
emf° = E°cath - E°anode = E°red + E°ox |
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emf and Gibbs Free Energy |
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Nernst Equation, effect of concentration on emf of a cell |
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Definition
Ecell = E°cell - (RT) (ln Q)
(nF) |
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relation of emf and the equilibrium constant, Keq |
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Standard Free Energy of a Cell |
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Definition
ΔG° = -nFE°cell = -RT ln Keq
or more simply
nFE°cell = RT ln Keq |
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natural log of a number that is less than 1 |
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