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Chemistry Formulae GAW
Formulas from MCAT chemistry for memorization
63
Medical
Post-Graduate
03/12/2012

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Cards

Term
Energy value of a quantum
Definition
E = hf
Term
Planck's Constant, h
Definition
6.626 X 10-34
Term
Angular momentum of an electron
Definition

L = nh

      2Π

Term
Energy of an electron
Definition

E = -RH

        n2

Term
Rydberg constant
Definition
2 X 10-18
Term
Electromagnetic energy of a photon of light
Definition

E = hc

      λ

Term
Electromagnetic energy of a photon of light, combining Bohr's and Planck's
Definition

E = hc/λ = -RH ( 1/n2i - 1/n2f)

Term
Quantum difference between the energies of two shells as an electron moves further away from the nucleus
Definition
1/n2i - 1/n2f
Term
Formal charge
Definition

FC = V - Nnonbonding - (1/2)Nbonding

 

where V = valence e-

Term
moles of substance
Definition
mol = weight of sample (g)/Molar weight (g/mol)
Term
Avogadro's Number
Definition
6.022 X 1023
Term
Equivalents
Definition

Equivalents = mass of compound(g)/Gram

                    equivalent weights (g)

Term
Molarity
Definition

Molarity = Normality/n

 

where n = number of ions produced or consumed per mole of compound in the rxn

Term
Percent Composition
Definition

% comp = (mass of X in formula/formula    

                   weight of compound) X 100%

Term
Percent Yield
Definition
Percent Yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) X 100%
Term
rate law
Definition

rate = k[A]x[B]y



Term
Equilibrium constant (Law of Mass Action), Keq
Definition

Keq = [C]c[D]d

         [A]a[B]b

Term
Ratio of forward and backward rate
Definition
kf/kr = Kc = Keq
Term
Total internal energy of a system (ΔU)
Definition
ΔU = Q - W
Term
Heat released or absorbed by a process, q
Definition
q = mcΔt
Term
enthalpy of a reaction, ΔHrxn
Definition
ΔHrxn = Hproducts - Hreactants
Term
Standard Heat of Reaction, ΔH°rxn
Definition
ΔH°rxn = Σ(ΔH°f of products) - Σ(ΔH°f of reactants)
Term
Boltzmann constant (gas laws), k
Definition
1.4 X 10-23
Term
dipole moment
Definition

µ = qr

 

q is the charge magnitude, r is the distance between partial charges

Term
entropy, ΔS
Definition

ΔS = Qrev

        T

 

where Q = heat gained or lost in a reversible process

Term
Gibbs free energy
Definition
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Term
Reaction Quotient, Qc
Definition

Qc = [C]c[D]d

        [A]a[B]b

Term
standard entropy change for a reaction
Definition
ΔS°rxn = ΣΔS°products -ΣΔS°reactants
Term
Standard Gibbs Free Energy
Definition
ΔG°rxn = Σ(ΔG°f of products) -Σ(ΔG°f of reactants)
Term
Free Energy related to Equilibrium Constant
Definition
ΔG°rxn = -RT ln Keq
Term
Spontaneity of a reaction at some point of the process
Definition

ΔGrxn = RT ln (Q)

                        (Keq)

Term
Relation of ΔGrxn and Q
Definition
ΔGrxn = ΔG°rxn + RT ln Q
Term
Kinetic Energy of a molecule of gas (KE)
Definition
KE = (1/2)mv2 = (3/2)kT
Term
root mean square, µrms
Definition

µrms = (3RT)1/2

      (MM)

Term
effusion, the flow of gas from one compartment to another
Definition

r1/r2 = (MM2)1/2

       (MM1)

Term
Ideal Gas Law
Definition
PV = nRT
Term
density of a gas
Definition

d = m/V = P(MM)

                 (RT) 

 

Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
PV = k or P1V1 = P2V2
Term
Charles Law
Definition

V/T = k or V1/T1 = V2/T2

or

V/T = nR/P

Term
Law of partial pressures
Definition
PT = PA + PB + PC...
Term
Van der Waals Equation of State
Definition

(P + n2a) (V - nb) = nRT

(V2)_____________

Term
The Gibbs Function
Definition

ΔG = G(g) - G(s) = 0

 

or 

 

G(g) = G(s)

Term
Vapor point depression (Raolt's Law)
Definition
PB = XBB
Term
Boiling Point Elevation
Definition
ΔTb = iKbm
Term
van't Hoff factor
Definition
number of dissolved ions per mole of solute; for example, for NaCl, i = 2
Term
Osmotic Pressure
Definition
∏ = iMRT
Term
The Dilution Law
Definition
MiVi = MfVf
Term
Solubility Product Constant, Ksp
Definition

In a solution dissolving AmBn(s) ↔ mAn+(aq) + nBm-(aq)

 

Ksp = [An+]m[Bm-]n

Term
Ion Product
Definition
I.P. = [An+]m[Bm-]n
Term
Water Dissociation Constant, Kw
Definition
Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 10-14
Term
pH
Definition
pH = -log[H+] = log (1/[H+])
Term
titration of acids and bases
Definition
NaVa = NbVb
Term
Ka and Kb
Definition

Ka = [H3O+][A-

       [HA]

 

Kb = [B+][OH-]

        [BOH]

Term
Product of acid and base dissociation constant
Definition
Ka X Kb = Kw = 10-14
Term
pH of a weak acid considering its conjugate base
Definition

pH = pKa + log [conjugate base]

                    [weak acid]

Term
pOH of a weak base considering its conjugate acid
Definition

pOH = pKb + log [conjugate acid]

                         [weak base]

Term
emf°
Definition
emf° = E°cath - E°anode = E°red + E°ox
Term
emf and Gibbs Free Energy
Definition
ΔG = -nFEcell
Term
Nernst Equation, effect of concentration on emf of a cell
Definition

Ecell = E°cell - (RT) (ln Q)

            (nF)

Term
relation of emf and the equilibrium constant, Keq
Definition
ΔG° = -RT ln Keq
Term
Gas constant, R
Definition
8.314 J/(K x mol)
Term
Standard Free Energy of a Cell
Definition

ΔG° = -nFE°cell = -RT ln Keq

 

or more simply

 

nFcell = RT ln Keq

Term
natural log of a number that is less than 1
Definition
negative
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