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Chemistry Final
Chemistry
48
Chemistry
10th Grade
05/17/2011

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Term
Polarity
Definition
Unusual sharing of electrons
Term
Properties of polarity
Definition
Universal solvent
Surface Tension
Latice
High boiling point
Term
Element
Definition
A substance that can’t be changed into simpler substances
Term
Compound
Definition
Made up of several parts or elements
Term
Mixture
Definition
Two or more substances that have been combined so that each substance retains its chemical identity
Term
Tyndall effect
Definition
If light bounces off of it or not
large particles have a positive Tyndall effect
small particles have negative Tyndall effect
Term
Density
Definition
Mass divided by volumes
Term
Solute
Definition
The one that's being dissolved
(Salt in salt water)
Term
Solvent
Definition
The one that's dissolving
(Water in salt water)
Term
Cation
Definition
A positively charged ion
Term
Anion
Definition
A negatively charged ion
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
Unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair
Term
Non polar covalent bond
Definition
equal sharing of the bonding electron pair
Term
Covalent bonds
Definition
Electrons are shared
Term
Ionic bonds
Definition
one atom loses an electron and gives it to another
Term
Solubility
Definition
How much of a substance can dissolve in a solvent
Term
How does temp. affect solubility
Definition
Solubility increases as temperature increases
Term
Avogadro's number
Definition
6.022 x 10^23
Term
When do you use Avogadro's number?
Definition
Anything to molecules
Term
How many mL are in one L
Definition
1000mL = 1L
Term
Convert kg to g
Definition
1000kg = 1g
Term
What influences whether an acid or base is strong or weak?
Definition
How many Hydrogens it has.
Term
Primary component of Arrhenius acid
Definition
Yields H ions in water
Term
Primary component of an Arrhenius base
Definition
Yields OH ions in water
Term
Bronsted-Lowry acid definition
Definition
Donates H ion
Term
Bronsted-Lowry Base definition
Definition
accepts H ion
Term
Amphoteric
Definition
Both an acid and a base
Term
The Law of conservation of mass
Definition
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
Term
Properties of metals
Definition
Shiny, metallic
Solid at room temperature
Electrical/ Heat conductors
Term
Properties of Nonmetals
Definition
Dull
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Brittle
Term
Properties of Metalloids
Definition
Solid
Can be shiny or dull
Conduct heat/ electricity better than non metals but not as well as metals
Term
Location of metals on Periodic
Definition
Left of the stair step line
Term
Locations of non metals in the Periodic
Definition
Right of the stair step line
Term
Location of metalloids on periodic
Definition
Stair step
Term
Alloy
Definition
a solution composed of two or more elements
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Two different forms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
Term
Oxidation
Definition
the process of losing electrons
Term
Reduction
Definition
the process of gaining electrons
Term
The four types of Nuclear Reactions
Definition
Decay
Bombardment
Fission
Fusion
Term
What is fission?
Definition
The nucleus of an atom splits
Term
What is fusion?
Definition
Two or more atomic nuclei fuse to form a single nucleus
Term
What is decay?
Definition
The disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus as it transforms itself to lose energy
Term
What is bombardment?
Definition
Used to make a stable nucleus unstable by bombarding it with a stream of radiation
Term
What are the 3 types of nuclear radiation?
Definition
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Term
Alpha
Components:
Penetration:
Damage:
Definition
Components: 2 protons and 2 neutrons
Penetration: Least
Damage: Most
Term
Beta:
Components:
Penetration
Damage:
Definition
Component: an electron
Penetration: medium
Damage: medium
Term
Gamma:
Components:
Penetration:
Damage:
Definition
Components: Photon wave
Penetration: Most
Damage: Least
Term
What is molarity?
Definition
Moles of solute / Liters of solution
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