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speed of light = frequency x wavelength |
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light energy = plank's constant x wavelength |
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frequency = planks constant / mass x volume |
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mass (g) / gram-formula mass (g/mol) |
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empirical formula (from percent composition) |
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divide percent of all element by their gram-formula mass. divide all answers by the lowest answer. round to nearest whole number, which is the subscript for that element. |
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molecular formula (from empirical) |
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divide gram-mass formula of compound by its empirical formula mass. multiply nearest whole number to all subscripts of the original compound. |
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(P1)(V1) / T1 = (P2)(V2) / T2 |
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moles of A / total moles of solution |
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(rate for A) / (rate for B) = sq rt[(molar mass of B) / (molar mass of A)] |
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number of positive ions x molarity |
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moles of solute / kg of solvent |
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G = heat of reaction - (temp in kelvin)(change in entropy) |
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