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Chemistry Chapter 1
8/19 & 8/20
66
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2012

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Cards

Term
the science of matter and the transformation it can undergo
Definition
chemistry
Term
what is the name of the anticancer drug we talked about?
Definition
taxol
Term
what tree has cancer-fighting abilities
Definition
pacific yew bark
Term
what is the active chemical in the yew bark that helps fight cancer
Definition
paclitaxel
Term
why is the yew bark a poor source?
Definition
removing bark kills the tree and it takes 6 100 yr. old trees to treat one patient
Term
whhat was the new source found to get paclitaxel from?
Definition
English yew needle (common, fast growing, doesn't kill tree)
Term
how does paclitaxel work?
Definition
hinders cell division so cancerous cells won't multiple fast as they normally would
Term
paclitaxel prevents _____ breakdown and binds in a pocket of ______
Definition
microtubule
tubulin
Term
name one other more effective drug than paclitaxel?
Definition
compound 13a
Term
a tentative idea to explain observations
Definition
hypothesis
Term
no numerical info=
Definition
qualitative
Term
contains numbers=
Definition
quantitative
Term
summarizes a large number of experiments
Definition
law
Term
a unifying principle to explain a body of facts and the laws based on them
Definition
theory
Term
physical properties can be measured by changing the ______ of a substance
Definition
composition
Term
the same substance is present before and after this
Definition
a physical change
Term
3 things that may change in a physical change
Definition
1. physical state
2. gross shape (copper wire flat)
3. shape (cut wood in two)
Term
measures relative energy content of an object
Definition
temperature
Term
temperature measures relative _______ of an object
Definition
energy content
Term
energy transfers from _____ temp. to ____ temp.
Definition
high to low
Term
water freezes...
water boils...
normal body temp....
Definition
32F 0C
212F 100C
98.6F 37C
Term
canceling units to get desired units and using numbers and units to check
Definition
dimensional analysis
Term
a chemical reaction that a substance can undergo
Definition
chemical property
Term
reactant atoms rearrange into different substances
Definition
chemical reaction
Term
the capacity to do work or make something happen
Definition
energy
Term
two or more substances in the same phase that are completely uniform
Definition
homogeneous
Term
properties in one region differ from the properties in another region (microscope may be needed)
Definition
heterogeneous mixture
Term
mixtures can be separated by _______ methods
Definition
physical
Term
most substances are ______
Definition
compounds
Term
2+ atoms from 2+ elements is what
Definition
a compound
Term
compounds have a specific _______ and ______
Definition
composition and properties
Term
what cannot be decomposed into new substances
Definition
elements
Term
objects can be seen, measured and handled without aids
Definition
macroscale
Term
objects can be seen with a microscope
Definition
microscale
Term
objects have dimensions
Definition
nanoscale
Term
mega=
Definition
10^6
Term
kilo=
Definition
10^3
Term
deci=
Definition
10^-1
Term
centi=
Definition
10^-2
Term
milli=
Definition
10^-3
Term
micro=
Definition
10^-6
Term
nano=
Definition
10^-9
Term
pico=
Definition
10^-12
Term
matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion
Definition
kinetic-molecular theory
Term
all matter is made up of extremely small atoms
Definition
atomic theory
Term
all atoms of a given element are chemically _______
Definition
identical
Term
atoms are not _______, _____ or ______ during a chemical reaction
Definition
created, destroyed, or converted into other kinds of atoms
Term
more than how many elements are currently known?
Definition
114
Term
how many elements occur naturally on earth?
Definition
90
Term
most elements are what?
Definition
metals
Term
name 4 properties of metals
Definition
solid (except Hg)
conduct electricity
ductile (draw into wires)
malleable (roll into sheets)
Term
two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist
Definition
allotrope
Term
name three allotropes of carbon?
Definition
.Graphite, charcoal, and diamond
Term
this shows the number and types of atoms in a molecule or relative ratio of the atoms in a compound
Definition
chemical formula
Term
how reactants convert into products
Definition
chemical equations
Term
2 properties of nonmetals
Definition
occur in all states
do not conduct electricity
Term
what is the one and only nonmetal that conducts electricity
Definition
graphite
Term
exhibit metallic and nonmetallic properties
Definition
metalloids
Term
what do metalloids look like?
Definition
metals (shiny)
Term
when it comes to electricity, metalloids are what
Definition
semiconductors; do conduct electricity, but not as well as metals
Term
most _____ elements form molecules
Definition
non-metal
Term
all compounds are ____ but not all _____ are compounds
Definition
molecules
Term
all compounds are ____ but not all _____ are compounds
Definition
molecules
Term
diatomic molecules
Definition
Br.I.N.Cl.H.O.F.
Term
3 polyatomic molecules
Definition
O3, S8, P4
Term
different forms of elements with the same T, P, and phase
Definition
allotropes
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