Term
|
Definition
| amines, amino acids, peptides and gases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-major excitatory NT
-most is derived from glycolysis
-abnormalities of glutamate system may have a role in psychotic illness, seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-must bind glutamate, glycine(co-ag), and remove voltage dependent block by Mg
-channel conducts both na and ca
-lots of reg bc heavily implicated in processing of memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-conducts only na
-regulate fast glutamate responses in brain
-work synergistically with nmda rs to depolarize membrane
-desensitize quickly |
|
|
Term
| metabotropic glutamate receptors |
|
Definition
-gpcrs
-linked to 2nd messengers
-3 groups
1:pre and post synaptic activation
2 and 3:limit glutamate release where it is in excess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-major inhibitory NT in CNS
-synthesized from glutamate by GAD
-GAD only in GABAergic neurons
-act on GABAa and GABAb Rs
-some anti-anxiety and anti-epileptic drugs enhance GABA neurotransmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cl channels
-common drug target |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CNS and PNS effects
-cholinergic NT at CNS levels is thought to reg sleep, wake, memory, and cognition
-peripheral effects at NMJ and movement
-bind to 2 cholinergic Rs (muscarinic and nicotinic)
-play a role in parkinsons, AD, myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
| serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) |
|
Definition
-derivative of tryptophan w more than 9 rs
-5-ht1, 5-ht2, 5-ht4 are GPCR
-5-ht3 is ion channel
-ser. neurons conc. in raphe nuclei which project to many areas in CNS
-regulates sleep, mood, appetite, pain transmission, and migraine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-synthesized from tyrosine
-bind to a and B adrenergic Rs (GPCRs)
-plays a role in alertness, mood, learning, memory, fear, stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-contains 50% of noradrenergic neurons
-projections are widespread to many areas of brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-synthesized from tyrosine
-binds to d1-d5 dopamine Rs (GPCRs)
-D1 like Gs and D2 like Gi
-3 major pathways: nigrostrial, mesolimbic/cortical, and tuberoinfundibular |
|
|
Term
| nigrostriatal pathway for dopamine |
|
Definition
-movement
-parkinson's disease |
|
|
Term
| mesolimbic/mesocortical pathway for dopamine |
|
Definition
-cognitive and emotional functions
-reward pathway, addictions
-antipsychotics may have effects here |
|
|
Term
| tuberoinfundibular pathway for dopamine |
|
Definition
-controls hormone release from pituitary
-some antipsychotics produce adverse effects related to this function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-peptide transmitter
-3 families: enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins
-3 receptors: mu, delta, kappa
-located throughout brain and spinal cord
-regulate physiological systems ex. pain, mood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-produce inflammatory response
-peptide transmitter
-pronociceptive
-co-localized w glutamate in spinal cord c fibers
-also acts with CGRP (migraine)
-actions with NO (vasodilation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-in cerebral cortex, spinal cord, hypoth
-rs Y1-Y6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-found in amygdala
-role in anxiety
-may also play a minor role in pain processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-found in hypothalamus
-stimulates feeding |
|
|
