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| There are 2 parts solute and solvent. The solute: the dissolved matter in a solution; the component of a solution that changes its state. The solvent: a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances. |
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| Before we dive into solutions, let's separate solutions from other types of mixtures. Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. Hmmm. Not the easiest way to say it. Scientists say that solutions are homogenous systems. Other types of mixtures can have a little higher concentration on one side of the liquid when compared to the other side. Solutions have an even concentration throughout the system. An example: Sugar in water vs. Sand in water. Sugar dissolves and is spread throughout the glass of water. The sand sinks to the bottom. The sugar-water could be considered a solution. The sand-water is a mixture |
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| Solutions can be pretty much found in anything. |
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| Acids taste sour, are corrosive to metals, change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases. Bases feel slippery, change litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids. |
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| One is that when you add it to water it produces H+ ions. Another definition is that it removes OH- from water. However the most general and complete definition is that an acid is an electron pair acceptor. This is the least easily understood without a good background in chemistry however. Acids are sour to the taste (as if you would EVER purposely taste acid), corrosive to metals, have pHs lower than 7 (become more acidic the closer you get to 1) turn litmus paper red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases. Bases are slippery, have pHs higher than 7 (become more basic the closer you get to 14), turn litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids. When dissolved in water, acids break up into hydrogen (H+) ions and base break up into hydroxide (OH-) ions. |
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Precipitation forms
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Production of bubbles
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Temperature change
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Color change
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A chemical formula is something like Na+Cl (arrow) NaCl
a subscript is a number in front of the element in a chemical equation,
the reactents are the chemicals on the left side and the products on the right (after the reaciton has taken place) |
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Energy Exchanges during a Chemical Reaction
Energy is either absorbed or released during chemical and
physical changes.
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