Term
| ? HAVE POSITIVE CHARGE , & HAVE MASS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE IS MADE UP OF ? |
|
Definition
| PrOTONS, NEUTRONS are INSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS, & ELECTRONS ARE FOUND IN A ORGANIZED SHELL. |
|
|
Term
? HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE, HAVE VERY LITTLE MASS
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ? ARE UNCHARGED IN THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE , BUT HAVE MASS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH ATOMIC STRUCTURE IS FOUND IN A " CLOUD" SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHICH ATOMIC STRUCTURE HAVE ASSOCIATED ORBITALS AROUND THE NUCLEUS, & ARE ORGANIZED INTO SHELLS, OR LEVELS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CARBON HAS A WHAT CHARGE ? TRUE OR FALSE- THERE IS A ELECTRON CLOUD SURROUNFING THE NUCLEUS IN CARBON? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ATOMIC STRUCTURE IS ORGANIED IN SHELLS SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOW MANY SHELLS -AKA - ENERGY LEVELS ARE THERE IN A ELECTRON? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
INNERMOST SHELL HOLDS HOW MANY ELECTRONS?
SECOND SHELL HOLDS UP TO HOW MANY ELECTRONS?
THIRD SHELL HOLDS UP TO HOW MANY ELECTRON?
-ONE SHELL MUST BE FULL BEFORE THE NECT SHELL IS FULL
|
|
Definition
INNERMOST SHELL HOLDS 2 ELECTRONS
SECOND SHELL HOLDS UP TO 8 ELECTRONS
THIRD SHELL HOLDS UP TO 18 ELECTRON
TOTAL 28 |
|
|
Term
? ARE MOST STABLE WHEN THEIR OUTER ELECTRON SHELL IS FULL.
EXAMPLE : CARBON, & HYDROGEN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]1p+
HYDROGEN (H)
WHAT IS THE ATOMIC # OF HYDROGEN?
MASS # OF HYDROGEN?
ATOMIC MASS? |
|
Definition
ATOMIC # 1 OR 2
MASS # 1 OR 2
ATOMIC MASS 1.01
|
|
|
Term
[image]
2ND ELECTRON SHELL
ATOMIC # OF CARBON (C)?
MASS # OF CARBON?
ATOMIC MASS OF CARBON?
|
|
Definition
ATOMIC # OF CARBON IS ? 6
( 6 PROTONS, & 6 NEUTRONS)
ATOMIC # = NUMBER OF PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM
MASS # OF CARBON (C)? 12 OR 13.
6X2= 12
MASS #= NUMBER OF PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM.
ATOMIC MASS= AVERAGE MASS OF ALL STABLE ATOMS OF A GIVEN ELEMENT IN DALTONS |
|
|
Term
NITROGEN (N)
ATOMIC MASS = ?
MASS #= ?
ATOMIC MASS = ?
[image]
[image]
|
|
Definition
NITROGEN
ATOMIC #= 7
MASS # = 14 OR 15
ATOMIC MASS 14.01
7 PROTONS
7 NEUTRONS
7 ELECTRONS - 2 ELECTRONS IN INNERMOST SHELL, 5 IN SECOND SHELL
|
|
|
Term
[image]WHAT ELEMENT IS THIS ?
ATOMIC #?
MASS # ? ATOMIC MASS-
ATOMIC MASS
|
|
Definition
OXYGEN (0)
ATOMIC # = 8 ( 8 PROTONS, 8 NEUTRONS, 8 ELECTRONS)
MASS # 16,17,18
ATOMIC # 16.00 |
|
|
Term
[image]
ATOMIC MASS, MASS # ATOMIC MASS
|
|
Definition
SODIUM
ATOMIC # 11
( 11 PROTONS ,18 NEUTRONS)
MASS # 23
ATOMIC # 22.99
3 SHELLS
|
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF CHLORINE,
& MASS #? |
|
Definition
ATOMIC # 17
MASS # 35 OR 37 |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE ATOMIC # & MASS # OF POTASSIUM (KI)?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE ATOMIC # & MASS OF IODINE (I)? |
|
Definition
| IDONE HAS : ATOMIC # 53 , MASS # 127 |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF ATOMIC NUMBER? |
|
Definition
| NUMBER OF PROTONS IN AN NUCLEUS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF MASS NUMBER? |
|
Definition
| NUMBER OF PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF ATOMIC MASS ?
|
|
Definition
AVERAGE MASS OF ALL STABLE ATOMS OF A GIVEN ELEMENT IN DALTONS
|
|
|
Term
| WHAT ELEMENTS ARE ELECTRO POSITVE ? ( GIVE UP ELECTRONS EASILY)? |
|
Definition
(H)- HYDROGEN
(Li)- LITHIUM
(Be)-
(Na)- Sodium
(Mag)- Magnisium
(K)- POTASSIUM
(Ca)- Calcium
(Rb)-
(Sr)
Cs-
Ba-
Fr-
Ra-
|
|
|
Term
| IS NITROGEN (N) - IN BETWEEN POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE CHARGE? NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE CHARGE? |
|
Definition
| IN BETWEE NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE CHARGE |
|
|
Term
WHICH ELEMENTS ARE ELECTRO NEGATIVE?
|
|
Definition
O- OXYGEN
F-
S-
CL-CHLORINE
Se
Br
Te
I-iodine
Po-
At
|
|
|
Term
WHAT ARE THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ( SEEN IN LIVING ORGANISMS)?
|
|
Definition
| CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, SULFUR, PHOSPHERUS |
|
|
Term
ATOMIC NUMBER DEFINES AN ?
ATOMIC NUMBER = THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE ? |
|
Definition
ATOMIC NUMBER DEFINES AN ELEMENT
ATOMIC NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS
|
|
|
Term
MASS NUMBER IS THE # OF PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN THE ?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE DEFITION OF AN ISOTOPE IS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CARBON -12,-13, & -13 ARE ISOTOPES OF ?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 PROTONS, 2 ELECTRONS, 6 NEUTRONS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 PROTONS, 6 ELECTRONS, 7 NEUTRONS |
|
|
Term
| CARBON-14 HAS 6 PROTONS, 6 ELECTRONS, 8 NEUTRONS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ATOMS CAN BE JOINED TO MAKE ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE BONDS THAT HOLD THE ATOMS TOGETHER ARE CALLED CHEMICAL BONDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS ( FROM STRONGEST TO WEAKEST). WHAT ARE THEY? |
|
Definition
1) COVALENT - ELECTRONS SHARED
2) IONIC- ELECTRONS ARE TRADED FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER, & THE ATOMS ARE JOINED DUE TO THEIR CHARGES
3) HYDROGEN - FROM O or N OF ONE OF A MOLECULE TO H OF ANOTHER PART OF THE MOLECULE OR A NEAR MOLECULE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ATOMS THAT HAVE LOST OR GAINED ELECTRONS & CARRY A CHARGE |
|
|
Term
| THE DEFINITION OF COVALENT BONDS IS? |
|
Definition
| SHARING OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN 2 ATOMS |
|
|
Term
| COVALENT BONDS MAY SHARE HOW MANY ELECTRONS? |
|
Definition
| 1-3 ELECTRONS ( SINGLE, DOUBLE , OR TRIPLE BONDS) |
|
|
Term
| ATOMS CAN FORM AS MANY COVALENT BONDS AS NECESSARY TO FILL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
THE STRUCTURE FORMULA OF
H-H
FORMS THE MOCLECULAR FORMULA OF?
( THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN COVALENT BOND - SHARING OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN TO ATOMS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR OF 2 OXYGEN ATOMS BONDING TOHETHER IS ? |
|
Definition
STRUCTURAL FORMULA : O=O
MOLECULAR FORMULA: O2 |
|
|
Term
2 NITROGEN ATOMS BONDING 3 ELECTRONS TOGETHER CREATES WHAT KIND OF BOND?
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR FORMULA? |
|
Definition
COVALENT BOND
-
N-N
-
N2
- REPRESENT ELECTRONS SHARED |
|
|
Term
METHANE MOLECULE HAS WHAT KIND OF SHAPE ?
METHANE IS THE ? COMPOUND
H
H C H
H
CH4 |
|
Definition
3 DIMENSIONAL SHAPE
SIMPLELIST ORGANIC COMPOUND
|
|
|
Term
| 1 OXYGEN ATOM & 2 HYDROGEN CREATES WHAT ? |
|
Definition
A WATER MOLECULE
H
/
O
\
H
H2O |
|
|
Term
| COVALENT BONDS MAY BE WHAT ? |
|
Definition
NON POLAR ( ELECTRONS SHARED EQUALLY)
POLAR ( ELECTRONS SHARED UNEQUALLY)
|
|
|
Term
| IS O2 GAS -POLAR OR NON POLAR ? WATER SOLUABLE OR NOT? |
|
Definition
NON POLAR
NOT WATER SOLUABLE |
|
|
Term
O=C=O
HAS A PARTIAL NEGATIVE CHARGE & IS NON PALAR?
TRUE OR FALSE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IS O2 IS ELECTRO NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE |
|
Definition
ELECTRO NEGATIVE
& NON POLAR
|
|
|
Term
WHAT IS A GREAT EXAMPLE OF A COMPOUND WITH POLAR COVALENT BONDS?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
NON POLAR BONDS TEND TO FORM WHEN 2 OF THE SAME ATOM SHARE ELECTRONS, OR WHEN 2 ATOMS INVOLVED HAVE SIMILAR ELECTRONEGATIVITY ( TENDENCY TO WANT TO ACQUIRE ELECTRONS)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ARE MOST PROTEINS WATER SOLUABLE OR NOT? |
|
Definition
| MOST PROTEINS ARE WATER SOLUABLE |
|
|
Term
| AN EXAMPLE OF AN PROTEIN THAT IS NOT WATER SOLUABLE IS ? |
|
Definition
| CAROTENE THAT IS FOUND IN THE DERMIS IS NOT WATER SOLUABLE - . CAROTENE IN THE DERMIS KEEPS OUR BODY DRY. |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
HYDROGEN BONDS HAVE THE WEAKEST CHEMICAL BOND?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
THE WEAK FORCE OF HYDROGEN BONDS BETWEEN A PARTIAL POSITIVE CHARGE ON H WITH PARTIAL NEGAIVE CHARGE ON NEIGHBORING O OR N - ARE OFTEN STONG
(PARTIAL + CHARGE) & (PARTIAL - CHARGE) = CAUSE PROTEINS TO FOLD & DNA TO ADOPT ITS DOUBLE -HELICAL STUCTURE.
TRUE OR FALSE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
IS COVALENT BOND THE STRONGEST CHEMICAL BOND ?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CHEMICAL BONDS
THE DEFINITION OF AN COVALENT BOND IS ? STRONGEST OR WEAKEST BOND ?
NON POLAR OR POLAR? |
|
Definition
SHARING OF ELECTRONS TO COMPLETE THE OUTER SHELL OF BOTH ATOMS.
STRONGEST CHEMICAL BOND
CAN BE NON POLAR OR POLAR |
|
|
Term
| THE DEFINITION OF NON POLAR BOND IS ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DEFINITION OF POLAR COVALENT BONDS? |
|
Definition
| ELECTRONS SHARED UNEQUALLY |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF AN IONIC CHEMICAL BOND?
TRUE OR FALSE ? 1ST , 2ND OR 3RD STRONGEST CHEMICAL BOND?
|
|
Definition
LOSS OR GAIN OF ELECTRONS CREATES AN ION
OPPOSITES ATTRACT
2ND STRONGEST CHEMICAL BOND
|
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF AN IONIC CHEMICAL BOND?
TRUE OR FALSE ? 1ST , 2ND OR 3RD STRONGEST CHEMICAL BOND?
|
|
Definition
LOSS OR GAIN OF ELECTRONS CREATES AN ION
OPPOSITES ATTRACT
2ND STRONGEST CHEMICAL BOND
|
|
|
Term
THE DEFINITION OF HYDROGEN CHEMICAL BOND ?
STRONGEST OR WEAKEST BOND? |
|
Definition
FORMED BY ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADJACENT MOLECULES CONTAINING POLAR BONDS
WEAKEST |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER? |
|
Definition
PARTIAL CHARGES OF OF (O) OYGEN & (H) HYDROGEN
GIVE WATER SOME UNIQUE PROPERTIES THAT MAKE IT SUITED FOR LIVING ORGANISMS
|
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
WATER HAS 2 BONDS
IS A POLAR COVALENT BOND
PRIMARY CHEMICAL
REALLY GOOD SOLVENT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF COHESIVE ?
IS WATER COHESIVE ?
EXAMPLE OF COHESIVE ? |
|
Definition
WATER IS COHESIVE
WATER MOLECULES STICK TOGETHER DUE TO HYDROGEN BONDING TOGETHER
EXAMPLE OF COHESIVE IS: WATER STICKING TO A GLASS |
|
|
Term
IS WATER ADHESIVE ?
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF ADHESIVE? |
|
Definition
WATER IS ADHESIVE.
ADHESIVE IS THE POLARITY OF BONDS MAKE IT " STICK"
TO OTHER SURFACES (CAUSES CAPILAY ACTION)
EXAMPLE : ICE IN WATER IS AN EXAMPLE OF ADHESIVE |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
WATER IS LESS DENSE AS ICE
WATR IS MOST DENSE AT SLIGHLY ABOVE FREEZING
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A UNIFORM MIXTURE OF 2 OR MORE SUBSTANCES.
EXAMPLE : OIL & VINIGAR |
|
|
Term
THE DEFINITION OF AN SOLVENT IS ?
TRUE OR FALSE?
A SOLVENT IS THE MOST ABUNDENT COMPOUND.
|
|
Definition
IS THE MEDIUM IN WHICH MOLECULES OF SOLUTE ARE DISPERSED.
TRUE - A SOLVENT IS THE MOST ABUNDENT SOLVENT.
|
|
|
Term
THE DEFINITION OF SOLUTE?
TRUE OR FALSE
A SOLUTE IS THE LESS ABUNDENT COMPOUND.
|
|
Definition
SAID TO BE DISSSOVED IN THE SOLUTE
TRUE - LESS ADBUNDENT COMPUND
|
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
IN THE BODY, WATER IS THE USUAL SOLVENT.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
THE DEFINITION OF SUSPENSION ?
EXAMPLE OF SUSPENSION>
|
|
Definition
WHEN WATER IS NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED OR DISOLVED
EXMPLE OF SUSPENSION - DIRT IN WATER
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MOLARITY OF WATER ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WATER AS A SOLVENT
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF HYDROPHILIC ( LOVE WATER)? |
|
Definition
SUBSTANCES WHICH CONTAIN POLAR COVALENT BONDS ( OR IONIC BONDS) & DISSOLVE IN WATER. |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
HYDROPHOPHIC COMPOUNDS ( SUCH AS OIL ) ARE SELDOM SOLUABLE IN WATER.
EXAMPLE : METHANE
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TRUE OR FALSE THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION MAY BE MEASURED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
SOLUTIONS ARE MEASURED IN WEIGHT % OR IN MOLARITY (M). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
MOLARITY MEASURES THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF SOLUTE MOLECULES
(6.22 X 10 23 POWER= 1 MOLE) THAT ARE DISSOLVED PER LITER OF SOLVENT. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
EXAMPLE OF A SOLUTION IS WHAT ?
100 + 10 = 110 G
SOLVENT + SOLUTE= SOLUTION |
|
Definition
BAG OF SALINE USED IN HOSPITAL TO HYDRATE PATIENT
CONTAIN 0.9 Na Cl ( sodium chloride) BECAUSE THE SODIUM & CHORIDE WORK WELL WITH OUR BODY TO REHYDRATE. ( SALINE CHLORIDE IS A SOLID) ( 1 L SALINE , 9 GRAMS Na Cl = 1 l H 2 O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IS A MEASURE OF THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN ION SOLUTION. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF ACIDS? |
|
Definition
| ARE DEFINED AS COMPOUNDS THAT RELEASE HYDROGEN IONS (H +) INTO SOLUTION. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ARE DEFINED AS COMPOUNDS THAT EITHER RELEASE OH - ( HYDROGEN IONS ) IN SOLUTION, OR THAT SOAK UP HYDROGEN IONS (H +). |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACIDS & BASES? |
|
Definition
| ACIDS RELEASE HYDROGEN IONS (H+) INTO A SOLUTION , & A BASE CAN DO BOTH - EITHER RELEASE OH - (HYDROGEN IONS ) IN SOLUTION , OR THAT SOAK UP HYDROGEN IONS (H+). |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
STRONG BASES & WEAK BASES IONIZE COMPLETELY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
( TRUE OR FALSE )
WEAK ACIDS & WEAK BASES DO NOT COMPLETELY IONIZE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE WEAK ACID THAT IS ESSENTIAL TO HOMEOSTASIS IN THE RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, RENAL, & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE CONSIDERED TO BE A WEAK ACID, BECAUSE IT CAN IONIZE TO FORM H + and OH-? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HCI
(H +)(CL-)
HYDROGEN & CHORIDE
MAKES AN ACID OR BASE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
KOH
(K+ ) (OH-)
(POTASSIUM) (OXYGEN-HYDROGEN)
CREATES AN ACID OR BASE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
KCI
(K+) (CL-)
(POTASSIUM)(CHLORIDE)
CREATES WHAT ?
ACID, BASE OR SALT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PEOPLE THAT DRINK A LOT TEA ( CAFFEINE). WILL THEIR PH BE HIGHER OR LOWER? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE PH OF BLOOD PLASMA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PH LEVEL OF GASTRIC JUICE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PH IS ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MAY VARY FROM BETWEEN 4.5 TO 9 |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
HOMEOSTATIC MECHANISMS MAINTAIN THE PH OF BLOOD BETWEEN 7.35 TO 7.45 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
IF THE PH OF THE BLOOD FALLS BELOW 7.35, A CONDITION CALLED ACIDOSIS OCCURS ( KETONES SPILLLED IN URINE= IS LIKE POISON IN YOUR BODY) , IF THE PH RISES ABOVE 7.45 IT RESULTS IN A CONDITION CALLED ALKOLOSIS! BOTH CONDITIONS CAN COMPROMISE HOMESTASIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
THE KIDNEY HELP REMOVE EXCESS ACID FROM OUR BODY, URINE IS QUITE ACIDIC! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOST IMPORTANT ELECTROLYTE IN OUR BODY IS ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THE DEFINITION OF AN SALT IS? |
|
Definition
AN IONICALLY BONDED COMPOUND WHOSE CATION (POSITIVELY-CHARGED ION)
IS NOT H+ ( HYDROGEN ION) , & WHOSE ANION (NEGATIVELY -CHARGED ION ) IS NOT OH-( HYDROXIDE). |
|
|
Term
ELECTROLYTES ARE OFTEN REFER TO WHAT?
COMMONLY FOUND WHERE? |
|
Definition
ANIONS OR CATIONS
FOUND IN BLOOD OR INTERSTITUAL FLUID |
|
|
Term
BUFFERS HELP TO MAINTAIN THE PH OF BODY FLUIDS.
TRUE OR FALSE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BUFFER SYSTEM : BLOOD - CARBONIC ACID |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHEN DO CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCUR?
EXAMPLE OF AN CHEMICAL REACTIONS IS? |
|
Definition
OCCUR WHEN REACTANTS COMBINE TO FORM ONE OR MORE PRODUCTS.
BREAKING DOWN OF SUGAR |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
A CHEMICAL REACTION IS WRITTEN AS A CHEMICAL EQUATION.
LIST THE REACTANTS & PRODUCTS + ANY CATALYSTS = REACTION OCCUR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT DOES THE BODY USE ENZYMES FOR? WHAT ARE ENZYMES? |
|
Definition
BODY USES ENZYMES TO CATALYZE ( DRIVE ); MANY CHEMICALS.
SPECIAL PROTEINS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CHEMICAL REACTIONS? |
|
Definition
ANABOLIC - (BUILDING UP OF MOLECULES)
CATABOLIC-( BREAKING DOWN OF MOLECULES) |
|
|
Term
| EXAMPLE OF ANABOLIC ( ANABOLISM) REACTION IS ? DEFINITION OF ANABOLIC? |
|
Definition
BUILDING MUSCLE & STRENGTH!
TAKE ENERGY - ENDERGONIC!! |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
ANABOLIC REACTIONS BUILD MOLECULES ! THEY ARE USUALLY ENDERGONIC- MEANING THEY REQUIRE ENERGY INPUT! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EXAMPLE OF CATABOLIC ( CATABOLISM)& DEFINITION |
|
Definition
BREAKING DOWN OF GLUCOSE;
DIGESTION- BREAK DOWN OF PROTEIN;
RESPIRATION- CELL BURNING OF GLUCOSE TO EXTRACT ENERGY.
RELEASE OF ENERGY |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
CATABOLIC REACTIONS BREAK DOWN MOLECULES.
THEY ARE USUALLY EXERGONIC, MEANING THEY RELEASE ENERGY. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
ANABOLIC REACTIONS OFTEN NEED ENERGY INPUT IN ORDER TO MAKE AN REACTION OCCUR. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CELLS COUPLE _______REACTIONS TO ANABOLIC ( ENDERGONIC ONES, IN ORDER TO HARNESS THE ENERGY OF THE CATABOLIC REACTION TO DRIVE THE ANABOLIC ONE . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
CELLS MAY STORE POTENTIAL ENERGY IN THE FORM OF CHEMICAL BONDS! THEN LATER BREAKDOWN( CATABOLIZE THOSE BONDS TO CREATE KINETIC ENERGY NEEDED TO POWER A CHEMICAL REACTION THAT NEEDS THE ENERGY ( USUALLY ANABOLIC) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
THE BIPRODUCT OF RESPIRATION IS ?
CO 2 +H 2 O |
|
Definition
| ATP- ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE |
|
|
Term
| BEST EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF CATABOLISM & ANABOLISM IS ? |
|
Definition
| ATP- (CELLS STORE ENERGY IN FORM OF CHEMICAL BONDS + BREAKDOWN (CATABOLIZE)BONDS = KINECTIC ENERGY NEEDED TO POWER CHEMICAL REACTIONS= THAT NEEEDS THE ENERGY ( CATABOLIC) |
|
|
Term
| ATP ( ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ) IS USED TO DO WHAT ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ATP IS OFTEN USED TO COUPLE ENRGY - RELEASING -(EXERGONIC) REACTIONS TO ___________ REACTIONS. |
|
Definition
| ENERGY REQUIRING ( ENDERGONIC ) |
|
|
Term
______ CONTAINS HIGH ENERGY COVALENT BONDS THAT STORE ENERGY. ______ STORES POTENTIAL ENERGY.
LATER, THOSE BONDS CAN BE BROKEN AND ENERGY IS RELEASED. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(ADP + P + ENERGY ( FROM EXERGONIC REACTION) = _____? EXAMPLE
(P) =POTASSIUM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| POTENTIAL ENERGY STORED IN THE CHEMICAL BONDS OF _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ATP= ADP+P= ENERGY ( FOR CELL WORK )
KINETIC ENERGY RELEASED CAN BE USED TO POWER _______ REACTIONS. |
|
Definition
| ENERGONIC (ENERGY-REQUIRING) |
|
|
Term
| CELLS USE _____ AS CATALYSTS TO DRIVE CHEMICAL REACTIONS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
ENZYMES ARE USUALLY PROTEINS , ALTHOUGH NOT ALL PROTEIN ARE ENZYMES . |
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Definition
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Term
| EXAMPLE OF AN STRUCTURAL PROTEIN IS ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENZYMES MAY CATALYZE _________ REACTIONS BY PULLING ON A SUBSTRATE ( MOLECULES BEING ACTED UPON ) SO THAT IT BREAKS DOWN EASILY. |
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Definition
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Term
| ENZYMES MAY CATALYZE _______ REACTIONS BY BRINGING 2 OR MORE SUBSTRATES CLOSE TOGETHER SO THEY CAN REACT. |
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Definition
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Term
| ENYMES MAY ALSO BREAK DOWN ____ IN ORDER TO HARNESS THE ENERGY TO DRIVE THE REACTION. |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
ENZYMES ALSO HELP TO LOWER THE ACTIVATION ENERGY NEEDED TO DRIVE A CHEMICAL REACTION. |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
ENZYMES -MAKE IT EASIER TO ACTIVATE ENERGY .
- LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY |
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Definition
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Term
| MECHANISMS OF ENZYME REACTION |
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Definition
SUBSTRATES- SUCROSE & WATER
TURN INTO ( ENZYME - SUCRASE -
1)ENZYME & SUBSTRATE COME TOGETHER AT ACTIVE SITE OF ENZYME , FORMING AN ENZYME- SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
(PRODUCTS: GLUCOSE -FRUCTOSE)
2) ENYMES CATALYZES REACTION & TRANSFORMS SUBSTRATE INTO PRODUCTS.
3) WHEN REACTION COMPLETE , ENZYME IS UNCHANGED & FREE TO CATALYZE SAME REACTION AGAIN ON A NEW SUBSTRATE. |
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Term
| ENZYMES ARE ALMOST ALWAYS PROTEINS ( BUT NOT ALL _____ ARE ENZYMES. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ ARE SENSATIVE TO CHEMICAL ENVIROMENT, & SHOW PREFERENCES |
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Definition
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Term
| PROTEIN HAVE ______, ______, _____ |
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Definition
| PH , SALT CONCENTRATION , TEMPERATURES |
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Term
| LIKE ANY OTHER PROTEIN, ENZYMES CAN BE _______, BY HEAT, ACID, ALKALI, EXCESS SALT, OR OTHER PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CONDITIONS. |
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Definition
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Term
| A DENATURED PROTEIN CHANGES SHAPES AND USUALLY LOSES ITS ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| EXAMPLE OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES ARE |
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Definition
| STARCHES - SUGARS FOUND IN BREAD |
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Term
| ORGANIC COMPOUNDS INCLUDE MOST OF THE COMPOUNDS FOUND IN THE BODY, ARE COMPOSED OF WHICH 4 ELEMENTS? |
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Definition
1) (C) CARBON
2) (H) HYDROGEN
3) (O) OXYGEN
4) (N) NITROGEN |
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Term
THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ( C,H, O, & N) ARE ARRANGED INTO LARGER MOLECULES REFERRED TO AS ______________.
SOME, LIKE PROTEINS, CAN BE VERY LARGE!!!!! |
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Definition
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Term
| THE 4 MAJOR CLASSES OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES FOUND IN THE BODY ARE ? |
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Definition
1) CARBOHYDRATES
2)PROTEINS
3)LIPIDS (FATS)
4)NUCLEIC ACIDS |
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Term
BUILDING & BREAKING DOWN OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES.
2 IMPORTANT CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE BODY ARE THE ________ & ________. |
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Definition
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS & HYDROLYSIS. |
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Term
HYDRO/LYSIS MEANS:
(WATER) / (BREAKING DOWN) |
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Definition
| USE OF WATER TO BREAK THE HYDROGEN BOND |
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Term
| DEFINITION OF DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS? |
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Definition
| TO BUILD BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES FROM SMALLER "SUBUNITS" |
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Term
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Definition
| BREAK DOWN BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES INDIVIDUAL UNITS. |
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Term
| _______IS USED TO LINK SUBUNITS TOGETHER INTO A LARGER MACROMOLECULE. |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
DEYDRATION SYNTHESIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN ANABOLIC REACTION- DOES REQUIRE ENERGY . |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ IS USED USED TO BREAK DOWN LARGER MACROMOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES, OR INTO INDIVIDUAL SUBUNITS. |
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Definition
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Term
| EXAMPLE OF HYDROLYSIS IS USED TO BREAK DOWN SUGAR . TRUE OR FALSE HYDROLYSIS IS AN ENDERGONIC & CATABOLIC. |
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Definition
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Term
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS IS AN GOOD EXAMPLE OF _________ REACTION. |
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Definition
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Term
| EXAMPLE OF HYDROLYSIS IN THE BODY ? ( WATER BREAKING DOWN) |
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Definition
DIGESTIVE TRACT-
( ENZYMES BREAK DOWN FOOD - STARCH - SUGAR - GLUCOSE - CELLS TAKE IN FOOD CREATING ATP |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 SUBUNITS OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES. |
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Definition
1) CAROHYDRATES- MONOSACCHARIDES ( SIMPLE SUGARS, GLUCOSE)
2) PROTEINS- AMINO ACIDS ( THERE ARE 20)
3)LIPIDS - FATTY ACIDS ( CHOLESTEROLL)
NUCLEIC ACIDS-NUCLEOTIDES PRIMARY FORM OF TRYGLYCERIDES |
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Term
| 3 MAIN MONOSACHARIDES ARE |
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Definition
GLUCOSE- MOST COMMON
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE |
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Term
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Definition
| CARBON(CARBO) & WATER (HYDRATE) IN ROUGHLY EQUAL AMOUNTS |
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Term
| CARBOHYDRATES BASIC CHEMICAL FORMULA IS |
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Definition
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Term
| CARBOHYDRATES ARE VERY WATER SOLUBLE : CONTAINS MANY _______ COVALENT BONDS. |
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Definition
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Term
| CARBOHYDRATES ARE IMPORTANT ____ ENERGY SOURCE. |
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Definition
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Term
| COVALENT POLAR BONDS THE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| CARBOHYDRATES EXAMPLES OF POLAR COVALENT BONDS |
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Definition
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Term
| AN INDIVIDUAL SUBUNIT OF CARBOHYDRATES IS CALLED A ________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| FISACHARIDE, 3=TRISACCHARIDE, MANY POLYSACCHARIDES |
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Term
| MOST COMMON MONOSACCHARIDE IS ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN THROUGH ______ TO RELEASE ENERGY . THIS POTENTIAL ENERGY IS STORED BY _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| COMBINING 2 MONOSACCHARIDES BY DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS CREATES ______ AND RELEASES A WATER MOLECULE. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS REQUIRE ENERFY |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| _______ ARE THE LARGEST CARBOHYDRATES & MAY CONTAIN HUNDRED OF MONOSACCHARIDES. |
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Definition
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Term
| THE PRINCIPAL POLYSACCARIDE IN THE HUMAN IS _______ GLYCOGEN, WHICH IS STORED IN THE LIVER OR SKELETAL MUSCLES. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHEN BLOOD SUGAR DROPS, THE LIVER HYDROLYZES ( BREAKS APART) _______ TO YIELD GLUCOSE WHICH IS RELEASED FROM THE LIVER INTO THE BLOOD. |
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Definition
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Term
| THE BODY ONLY STORES ABOUT _____ OF ENERGY IN THE SKELETAL MUSCLES |
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Definition
| 17 OR 18 MILES OF ENERGY BEFORE IT WILL START EATING AWAY AT FAT. FAT TAKES LONGER TO BURN. THE ENERGY FROM FAT IS SLOW. |
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
LIPIDS, LIKE CARBOHYDRATES , CONTAIN CARBON, HYDROGEN , & OXYGEN, BUT UNLIKE CARBOHYDRATES, THEY DO NOT HAVE A 2:1 RATIO OF HYDROGEN TO OXYGEN. |
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Definition
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Term
| LIPIDS CONTAIN MOSTLY _______ COVALENT BONDS. |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
LIPIDS ARE HYDROPHOBIC |
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Definition
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Term
| LIPIDS ARE MOSTLY INSOLUABLE IN POLAR SOLVENTS, SUCH AS ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| EXAMPLE OF MONOSACCHARIDES ARE ? |
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Definition
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Term
| AN EXAMPLE OF PROTEIN IS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| FATTY ACIDS - CHOLESTERAL |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 3 FATTY ACIDS OF TRIGLYCERIDES ? |
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Definition
| PALMITIC, STEARIC, & OLEIC ACID |
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Term
TRIGLYCERIDES ARE ALL TYPES OF FAT
TRUE OR FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NUCLEIC ACIDS: (ATP) ARE ? |
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Definition
NUCLEOTIDE
SUBUNIT OF DNA
IMPORTANT ENERGY STORAGE MOLECULE
MADE BY THE ADDITION OF ENERGY & A PHOSPHATE TO ADP. |
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Term
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Definition
[image]Info stored in DNA by base sequence
[image]Info in DNA codes for protein
[image]Genetic code:
[image]3 bases of DNA code = 1 amino acid
[image]3 bases=1 codon
[image]Codon codes for amino acid
[image]Can also code for start or stop
[image]Transcribed into RNA first
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