[image]

Carbonyl Group

The carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond

Ketone: carbon group within carbon skeleton

Aldehyde: carbon group at the end of the carbon skeleton.

[image][image]

Hydroxyl Group

In chemistry, hydroxyl is a compound containing an oxygen atom bound covalently with a hydrogen atom

Functional properties:  is polar due to the electrons spending more time near the electronegative oxygen atoms

can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars

[image][image]

Carboxyl Group

A carboxyl group (or carboxy) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl (RR'C=O) and a hydroxyl (R-O-H), which has the formula-C(=O)OH, usually written as -COOH or -CO₂H.^[2]

Name of compound:  Carboxylic acids

Functional properties:  acts as an acid, can donate an H+ because the covalent bond between H and O is so polar; found in cells in the ionized form with a charge of 1- and called a carboxylate ion

Examples:  Acetic acid: [image]

gives vinegar its sour taste

[image][image]

Amino Group

Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group.^[1] Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline; see Category:Amines for a list of amines. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as chloramine (NClH₂).