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Chemical Basis of Life
Elements, Atoms, and Molecules
24
Biology
9th Grade
12/23/2010

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Term
Isotopes
Definition
Same atomic number but different mass number
Term
Uncharged atom
Definition
the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons
Term
Outermost Shell
Definition
Atoms try to fill their outermost shell with 8 electrons or 0 electrons
Term
Positive Charge
Definition
More protons than electrons
Term
Negative Charge
Definition
More electrons than protons
Term
Ionic Bonds
Definition
complete their outer shells by stealing (robbing) or giving away electrons
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
the sharing of a pair of outer-shell electrons by two atoms
Term
Molecule
Definition
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Term
Double covalent bond
Definition
two shared pairs of electrons
Term
Electronegative
Definition
tendency for an atom to pull electrons toward itself
Term
Non-polar covalent bond
Definition
Equal sharing of electrons
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
Unequal sharing of electrons
Term
Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
The bonding between water molecules
Term
Cohesion
Definition
The sticking-together of molecules
Term
Neutral Solution
Definition
pH7, the amount of H+ ions and OH- ions are equal
Term
Acidic
Definition
Below pH7, higher concentration of H+ ions
Term
Basic (Alkaline)
Definition
Above pH7, higher concentration of OH- ions
Term
Trace elements
Definition
Are required in very small amounts but are essential
Term
Compound
Definition
A molecule with more than one type of atom
Term
Surface Tension
Definition
Because of the cohesion of water molecules, small insects can walk on the surface (not enough force to break apart the cohesive force between water molecules)
Term
Buffer
Definition
Something that prevents a drastic change of pH (can absorb a large no. of H+ or OH- ions)
Term
Number of naturally occurring elements
Definition
92
Term
K is the symbol for...
P is the symbol for...
Definition
K = Potassium
P = Phosphorus
Term
A goiter is the result in the lack of
Definition
Iodine
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