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Chem Test 1; Ch 2
Chapter 2
110
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/10/2012
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Term
The Law of Conservation of Mass
 Definition
In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed
Term
The Law of Constant Composition
aka?
 Definition
The elemental composition of a pure substance never varies
Term
The Law of Multiple Proportions
 Definition
When two elements (A and B) combine to 2 different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1 gram of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small
whole numbers.
Term
Atomic Structure
 Definition
Every atom has an equal number of electrons and
protons
Only protons and electrons have a charge.
Protons and neutrons have essentially the same mass.
Term
Atomic Number
 Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Mass number
 Definition
the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Elements are defined by ?
 Definition
their number of protons
# of protons = # of electrons
Term
Isotopes
 Definition
Atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers.
example. C-12 C-13 C-14
Term
Atomic weight is calculated from?
 Definition
the isotopes of an element weighted by their relative abundances.
Term
Molecular compounds
 Definition
are composed of molecules and almost always contain only nonmetals.
Term
Ionic compounds
 Definition
(such as NaCl) are generally formed between metals and nonmetals.
Term
Molecular formulas
 Definition
give the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Term
Empirical formulas
 Definition
give the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Term
Structural formulas
 Definition
show the order in which atoms are bonded.
Term
What are the 3 types of Chemical Formulas
 Definition
Molecular
Empirical
Structural
Term
Which of the following compounds would you expect to be molecular and which ionic?
a.K2O
b.SO3
c.N2O5
d.Na2CO3
 Definition
Answer: SO3 and N2O5 (molecular),
K2O and Na2CO3 (ionic)
Term
How many H-atoms are in each of the following
C3H7OH
Ba(CH3COO)2
 Definition
8 H-atoms
6 H-atoms
Term
Cation
 Definition
Loses an election
Positive
Metal Ions
Term
Anion
 Definition
Gains and Election
negative
nonmetal
Term
Give the empirical formulas for Mg2+ and...a
a. Cl-
b. O2-
c. P3-
d. SO42-
 Definition
MgCl2
MgO
Mg3P2
MgSO4
Term
Charges 1+ Cations
 Definition
All Column 1 and Ag (silver)
Term
Charge 2+ Cations
 Definition
Column 2 and Zn (zinc) and Cd (cadmium)
Term
Charge 3 +
 Definition
Al (Aluminium)
Term
NH^4
 Definition
1+ ammonium
Term
Cu
 Definition
1+ Copper (I)
Term
CH^3COO
 Definition
1- Acetate Ion
Term
ClO^3
 Definition
1- chlorate ion
Term
ClO^4
 Definition
1- perchlorate Ion
Term
NO^3
 Definition
1- nitrate ion
Term
MnO^4
 Definition
1- permanganate
Term
CO^3
 Definition
2- carbonate
Term
CrO^4
 Definition
Chromate Ion
Term
Cr^2O^7
 Definition
2- dichromate
Term
SO^4
 Definition
2- sulfate
Term
PO^4
 Definition
3- phosphate
Term
NO^2
 Definition
1- nitrate Ion
Term
SO^4
 Definition
2- sulfate
Term
Name the following compounds:
a. FeCl2
b. Na3PO4
c. Cu(ClO4)2
d. CuO
e. Cu2O
 Definition
a. Iron(II) chloride
b. Sodium phosphate
c. Copper(II) perchlorate
d. Copper(II) oxide
e. Copper(I) oxide
Term
SO^3
 Definition
2- sulfite
Term
HCl
 Definition
hydrochloric acid
Term
H^2S
 Definition
hydrosulfuric acid
Term
HClO^4
 Definition
perchloric acid
Term
HClO^3
 Definition
Chloric Acid
Term
HClO^2
 Definition
Chlorous Acid
Term
HClO
 Definition
hypochlorous acid
Term
mono
 Definition
1
Term
di
 Definition
2
Term
tri
 Definition
3
Term
tetra
 Definition
4
Term
penta
 Definition
5
Term
hexa
 Definition
6
Term
hepta
 Definition
7
Term
octa
 Definition
8
Term
nona
 Definition
9
Term
deca
 Definition
10
Term
Name the following compounds
HBrO3
SiBr4
CrO3
 Definition
Bromic acid
Silicon tetrabromide
Chromium(VI) oxide
Term
Give the empirical formulas for
Iron(III) carbonate
Silver sulfide
Chromium(VI) sulfate
 Definition
Fe2(CO3)3
Ag2S
Cr(SO4)3
Term
K2SO4
 Definition
Potassium sulfate
Term
Ba(OH)2
 Definition
Barium hydroxide
Term
FeCl3
 Definition
Iron(III) chloride
Term
NH4Br
 Definition
Ammonium bromide
Term
Cr2O3
 Definition
Chromium(III) oxide
Term
Ca(NO3)2
 Definition
Calcium nitrate
Term
Na3PO4
 Definition
Sodium phosphate
Term
ZnSO4
 Definition
Zinc sulfate
Term
Fe2(CO3)3
 Definition
Iron(III) carbonate
Term
potassium sulfide
 Definition
K2S
Term
calcium hydrogencarbonate
 Definition
Ca(HCO3)2
Term
nickel(II) perchlorate
 Definition
Ni(ClO4)2
Term
magnesium sulfate
 Definition
MgSO4
Term
lead(II) nitrate
 Definition
Pb(NO3)2
Term
aluminum phosphate
 Definition
AlPO4
Term
barium oxide
 Definition
BaO
Term
potassium chromate
 Definition
K2CrO4
Term
sodium nitride
 Definition
Na3N
Term
SO2
 Definition
Sulfur dioxide
Term
PCl5
 Definition
Phosphorus pentachloride
Term
N2O3
 Definition
Dinitrogen trioxide
Term
SiBr4
 Definition
Silicon tetrabromide
Term
S2Cl2
 Definition
Disulfur dichloride
Term
CCl4
 Definition
Carbon tetrachloride
Term
CS2
 Definition
Carbon disulfide
Term
NO
 Definition
Nitrogen monoxide
Term
NO2
 Definition
Nitrogen dioxide
Term
N2O
 Definition
Dinitrogen monoxide
Term
BrO4-
 Definition
bromate
Term
IO2-
 Definition
iodite
Term
IO3-
 Definition
iodate
Term
BrO-
 Definition
hypobromite
Term
NaClO4
 Definition
Sodium perchlorate
Term
Al(ClO)3
 Definition
Aluminum chlorate
Term
Mg(BrO3)2
 Definition
Magnesium bromate
Term
LiIO4
 Definition
Lithium periodate
Term
Ca(IO2)2
 Definition
Calcium iodite
Term
Ba(IO4)2
 Definition
Barium periodate
Term
Periodic Table location for Metal
 Definition
left side except hydrogen until stairs
Term
Periodic Table location for non-metals
 Definition
everything right of stairs and Hydrogen
Term
Periodic Table location for metalloids
 Definition
stairs, 6 of them
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
Term
Group 1A
 Definition
alkali metals
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Term
Group 2A
 Definition
Alkaline Earth metals
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Term
Group 6A
 Definition
Chalcogens
O, S, Se, Te, Po
Term
Group 7A
 Definition
Halogens
F,Cl, Br, I At
Term
Group 8A
 Definition
Noble Gases (rare gases)
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Term
Main Group Element
 Definition
1A-8A
Term
Transition Element
 Definition
1B-8B
Term
Ionic Compounds form between
 Definition
metals and nonmetals, Cations and Anions
ex. NaCl
Term
Molecular Compounds form between
 Definition
nonmetals only
ex, CO^2 and H^2O
Term
Transition Elements with a set charge
 Definition
Zn, Cd, 2+
Ag 1+
Al 3+
Term
Ionic Nomenclature
 Definition
has romen numerals
Term
Molecular Nomenclature
 Definition
uses prefixes
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