Temperature At Which Volumetric Flasks

Are Calibrated 

Maximum Error of

Electronic Analytical Balance 

Coarse Range - 0.001 g

Fine Range - 0.0001 g 

_{_}

S = [Σ (x_i - x)² / (n - 1)]^1/2

_                         _       

d = [Σ Abs Val(x_i - x) / n]

 _     _                                 

%d = [d / Average Value] X 100%

n

(in Statistical Calculations)

Abs Val(Absolute Error) / Average Value

Maximum Standard Propagated Error

in a Sum of Values 

Sum of Maximum Error of

Each Value 

Maximum Relative Propagated Error

in a Product or Quotient of Values 

1) Remember to keep significant figures for each sub-calculation of a calulation

2) The avergae deviation of a more precise instruemtn should be smaller than that of a less precise one

3) The mass of a solution will probably have an error of .0002 g because it is ususally calculated by subtracting the mass of the empty container from that of the full one

4) The calculated density of an unknown solution should have 4 SF is V > 10.00 mL and 3 SF if V < 10.00 mL 

1) Absorbances should be written with 3 SF

2)  

1) The reaction between the known and unknown must be fast and stoichiometric

2)The must be a method for detecting the completion of the reaction 

Primary Standard

1) Stable

2) Non-hygroscopic (doesn't absorb moisture from air)

3) Known composition