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| When are we the "smartest"? |
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| As babies. We test everything. |
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| What are the 3 steps of the scientific method? |
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| Observation, Hypothesis, Experimentation |
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| A summary of observed behavior. |
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| An explanation of behavior. |
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| A measurement must always consist of a _____ and a _____. |
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| What are the two most widely used systems? |
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| English system, Metric system |
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| What is the fundamental SI (International System) unit for mass? |
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| What is the SI unit of length? |
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| What is the fundamental SI unit for time? |
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| What is the fundamental SI unit for temperature? |
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| What is the prefix for 1,000,000? |
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| What is the prefix for 1000? |
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| What is the prefix for 0.1? |
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| What is the prefix for 0.01? |
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| What is the prefix for 0.001? |
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| What is the prefix for 0.000001? |
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| What is the prefix for 0.000000001? |
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| what is the unit for 1000 m? |
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| what is the unit for 0.1 m? |
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| What is the unit for 0.01 m? |
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| What is the unit for 0.001 m? |
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| What is the unit for 0.000001 m? |
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| What is the unit for 0.000000001 m? |
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When rounding, round to the 1st uncertain digit.
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| When do nonzero integers count as SigFigs? |
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| When do leading zeros count as SigFigs? |
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Definition
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| When do captive zeros count as SigFigs? |
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Definition
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| When do trailing zeros count as SigFigs? |
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Definition
Only when there is a decimal point.
896000 not SigFigs
896000. SigFigs |
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Definition
Discovered by counting. Can be assumed to have an unlimited number of SigFigs.
Ex. 1 in = 2.54 cm
Neither 2.54 nor 1 limits the amount of SigFigs when used in a calculation. |
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| Rounding for multiplication and division. |
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Definition
Ex. 4.56 x 1.4 = 6.384 = 6.4
Ex. 8.315 ÷ 298 = 0.0279027 = 2.79 x 10-2 |
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| Rounding for adding and subtraction. |
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Definition
Ex. 12.11 + 18.0 + 1.013 = 31.123 = 31.1
Ex. 0.6875 - 0.1 = 0.5875 = 0.6 |
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| Define conversion factor. |
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Definition
| A ratio of the two parts of the statement that relates the two units. |
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Definition
Ex. 2 dozen doughnuts x 12 ÷ 1 dozen = 24 doughnuts
Dozens cancel out. |
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| Equivalence statement 2.54 cm = 1 inch leads to what conversion factors? |
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Definition
2.54 cm ÷ 1 inch
or
1 inch ÷ 2.54 cm |
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| Converting Celsius to Kalvin. |
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| What are the 3 things scientists look at when observing matter? |
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| Composition, structure, and behavior. |
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| What are the 3 forms of matter? |
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| Rigid; has a fixed shape and volume. |
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| Has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container. |
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| Has no fixed volume or shape; takes the shape and volume of its container. |
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| List some physical properties. |
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| Odor, color, volume, state, density, melting point, and boiling point. |
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| List some chemical properties. |
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Definition
| Wood burning, giving off heat, rusting of steel. |
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| List some physical changes. |
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Definition
| Ice to water to water vapor. |
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| List some chemical changes. |
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Definition
| A change in the composition of the substance; reactions. |
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| What are the 3 ways to separate elements? |
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Definition
| Chromotography, distillation, filtration. |
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| A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical methods. |
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| A substance composed of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those elements by chemical methods. |
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Something that has variable composition.
Ex. Wood |
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| Something that will always have the same composition. |
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| The process of boiling a mixture and condensing the water vapor in a separate container, leaving the solids in the 1st container. |
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| Pouring a solution through a mesh, allowing liquids to pass through while solids stay behind. |
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| What is Robert Boyle known for? |
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Definition
| His experimentation and pioneering on the properties of the gases. |
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What was John Dalton known for?
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| What are the 5 points of Dalton's atomic theory? |
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Definition
1. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a given element are identical.
3. The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element.
4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms.
5. Atoms are indivisible in chemical process. |
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Define the law of constant composition.
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| A given compound always has the same composition, regardless of where it comes from. |
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| A distinct substance that is composed of the atoms of two or more elements and always contains exactly the same relative masses of those elements. |
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| What is J.J. Thomson known for? |
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| What is Rutherford known for? |
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Definition
| The gold foil experiment that reflected particles. |
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| The sum of protons and neutrons. |
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| Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
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| What is Mendeleev known for? |
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Definition
| Arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. |
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| List physical properties of metals. |
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Definition
1. Efficient conduction of heat and electricity.
2. Malleability.
3. Ductility.
4. A lustrous appearance. |
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| The elements next to the stair step line in the periodic table are known as? |
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Definition
| Metalloids of semi-metals. |
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| Define diatomic molecules. |
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Definition
| Made up of 2 atoms. (all of the "gens" |
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| An ionic compound cannot contain only anions or only cations, because the net charge of a compound must be zero. |
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| Compounds that contain two elements (either a metal and a nonmetal or two nonmetals). |
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| What are the two dependable/non-predictable elements? |
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Definition
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| Binary ionic compounds contain on anion and a cation. The cation always comes first. |
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Definition
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Type 1 compounds- The metal present forms only one type of cation.
Type 2 compounds- the metal present can form two or more cations that have different charges. |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 1? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 2? |
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| What is the prefix for 3? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 4? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 5? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 6? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 7? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 8? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 9? |
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Definition
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| What is the prefix for 10? |
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| a solid forms (called precipitate) |
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| What is the difference between a molecular equation and a complete ionic equation? |
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Definition
Ex. Molecular: K2CrO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) → BaCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
Ex. Complete Ionic equation
2K+(aq) + CrO42-(aq) + Ba2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) → BaCrO4(s) + 2K+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) |
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Term
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Definition
Ex. Complete Ionic equation
2K+(aq) + CrO42-(aq) + Ba2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) →BaCrO4(s) + 2K+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)
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Definition
| only contains those that undergo a change. |
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Definition
Water is formed when mixed with a strong acid and a strong base.
Ex. HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → H2O(l) + KCl(aq
Acid |
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Term
| Oxidation-reduction reaction. |
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Definition
Involves a transfer of electrons.
Ex. 2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) |
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| Double displacement reactions. |
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Definition
AB + CD → AD + CB
Ex. K2CrO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) → BaCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq) |
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Definition
| Ex. 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) |
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| Ex. 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) |
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