Find atomic mass of all elements then divide Mass of each element by the total

Example

NaCl=

Atomic mass of Na or Cl

Total atomic mass of NaCl

number of atoms

Basically whatever a compounds mass is=1mole

6.022 x 10²³

Finding the number of particles

Mass To Moles

And then 

Moles To Particles (avagadros number)

Convert Grams to moles and then divide answers by smallest answer

2.23 g C= .0507 mol

1.37 g H= .152 mol

Divide both by .0507

C=1

H=3

Find molecular mass of each compounds added together then take given variable and divide the largest of the two by the smallest. take solutions and times formula by that.

Example

Molecular mass of vitamin c is about 180, what is the molecular formula?

C₃H₄O₃= total mass is 88

180/88=2.0

2 x C₃H₄O₃₌ C₆H₈O₆

Solution

Definition

Solute and Solvent

of a Solution

Solute

The substance with the smaller amount

Solvent

The substance with the larger amount

Abbreviations

(s) (l) (g) (aq)

(s)

Solid

(l)

Liquid

(g)

Gas

(aq)

Aqueous

Solutions Without

Electrolytes

Solid

Occurs in an aqueous solution, results in an insoluble product

Ions from mixed solutions that do nothing.

Can be cancelled from both sides of the equation

Weak

dissociate very little

Strong

Dissociate completely creating lots of H⁺ ions

Weak

Dissociate very little

Strong

Dissociate completely creating lots of OH^- ions

Acid 

general properties

Taste sour

examples: vinegar and lemon juice

dissociate in water to release H⁺

Base

General Properties

Taste bitter

Feel slippery

examples: ammonia, drano, lye

Dissociate in water to release OH^- (hydroxide ion)

acid is a substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ion, H⁺_(aq).

Example:

H₂O₄

When broken apart it releases more H

A base is a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of hydroxide ion, OH^-_(aq).

Example:

NaOH

When broken apart it releases OH

P(atm)V(liters)=nR(liters atmospheres per mole kelvin)T(Kelvin)

(Pressure)(Volume)=(number of moles)(Gas constant)(Temperature)

Has to include