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CHEM 1020 - Everyday Chemistry - Iordanova
Chapter 1
66
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
08/23/2011

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Term
Indivisible
Definition
Democritus coined the term atomos, meaning:
Term
Number of valence electrons
Definition
Elements in the same group of the peridoic table have the same:
Term
Neutrons
Definition
Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of _____.
Term
Gas
Definition
What state of matter has particles farthest apart?
Term
Gas
Definition
Which state of matter is characterized by particles that are far apart and moving randomly?
Term
An element
Definition
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is ________
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Where is most of the mass of an atom found?
Term
Your professor's lecture
Definition
Which of the following is not matter?

A. A pen
B. A notebook
C. The person sitting next to you
D. Your professor's lecture
Term
C. 2H and 3H are isotopes of hydrogen
Definition
Which of hte following is true about 2H and 3H?

A. 2H is a molecule containing 2 atoms of hydrogen, and 3H is a molecule containing 3 atoms of hydrogen

B. 2H has two neutron and 3H has tree

C. 2H and 3H are isotopes of hydrogen

D. 2H and 3H are the most common forms of hyrdrogen found in nature
Term
A. 35 protons, 35 neutrons, and 35 electrons
Definition
Which of the following would be the isotope bromine- 70? An atom with:

A. 35 protons, 35 neutrons, and 35 electrons

B. 34 protons, 36 neutrons, and 34 electrons

C. 33 protons, 37 neutrons, and 33 electrons

D. 35 protons, 70 neutrons, and 35 electrons
Term
B. Sn
Definition
Which of the following elements has the largest number of protons?

A. Fe

B. Sn

C. H

D. O
Term
B. Oil-and-Vinegar salad dressing
Definition
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

A. Apple Juice

B. Oil-and-vinegar salad dressing

C. Milk

D. Mayonnaise
Term
A. 13 C 6
Definition

Which shorthand represents a carbon atom with 7 neutrons?

A. 13

          C

      6

 

B. 6

        C

    13

 

C. 7

         C

     6

 

D. 6

         C

      7

Term
B. Metals
Definition
Most of the elements in the periodic table are:

A. Semiconductors

B. Metals

C. Radioactive

D. Gasses
Term
B. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of protons.
Definition
Which of the following statements are false?

A. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons.

B. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of protons.

C. Atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers.

D. Atoms of two different elements can have the same number of neutrons.
Term
C. A pond freezing over in the winter
Definition
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A. Firewood burning

B. Hydrogen combining with oxygen

C. A pond freezing over in the winter

D. Fireworks going off
Term
Chemistry
Definition
____ is the study of matter, the physical substance of all materials, and its transformations.
Term
Matter
Definition
____ is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.
Term
Pure substance or mixture
Definition
Matter can exist as either ____ or ___.
Term
Pure substance
Definition
A ____ contains a single type of particle.
Term
Mixture
Definition
A ____ contains more than one substance combined together.
Term
An element
Definition
One type of pure substance, called ____, contains only a single type of atom.
Term
Compound
Definition
A type of pure substance, ____, which contains two or more different types of atoms linked together.
Term
Homogeneous
Definition
A mixture whose components intermingle so that they are virtually indistinguishable.
Term
Heterogeneous
Definition
A mixture in which the individual components are obvious because they do not intermingle
Term
Solids, Liquids, and gas
Definition
What are the principle states of matter?
Term
Liquid
Definition
In general, the particles in a ___ are farther apart than the particles in a solid but closer together than the particles in a gas.
Term
Solids
Definition
___ have a definite volume and shape.
Term
Liquids
Definition
___ have a definite volume but no definite shape.
Term
Gases
Definition
____ have neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
Term
Physical change and Chemical Change
Definition
Transformations of matter include both ___ change and ____ change.
Term
Physical changes
Definition
____ changes include changes in state, such as melting, freezing, boiling, and condensing.
Term
Definition
___ changes involve the creation of new substances.
Term
Atoms
Definition
____ are the building blocks of all matter.
Term
Atoms
Definition
_____ are the smallest units that retain the characteristics of an element.
Term
Hundred
Definition
There are about ______ different elements.
Term
Compounds
Definition
Atoms link to other atoms to form ______
Term
Molecule
Definition
_______ is the simplest unit of many compounds
Term
Periodic table
Definition
The _____ is used to organize the elements by recurring chemical properties.
Term
group or family
Definition
Elements in teh same vertical column of the periodic table have similar chemical properties and are said to be in the same ______
Term
Metals = generally on the left
Nonmetals = right-hand side
Semi-metals = between the metals and nonmetals
Definition
The ___ are generally located on the left hand side of the periodic table, the __- are on the right-hand side, and the ___ are between the two mentioned above.
Term
Positive protons

Neutral neutrons

negative electrons
Definition
Atoms are composed of positively charged ____, neutral ____, and negatively charged _____
Term
Protons and neutrons have similar masses whereas electrons have a much smaller mass
Definition
____ and ___ have similar masses, whereas ___ have a much smaller mass
Term
Atomic number
Definition
The number of protons in an element is the _____
Term
Protons
Definition
All atoms with the same number of ____ are from teh same element
Term
protons plus neutrons
Definition
The mass number is equal to the number of ___ plus the number of ____
Term
Mass number
Definition
The ____ can vary among different atoms of the same element.
Term
Isotopes
Definition
____ of the same element have the same number of protons but diff in the number of neutrons. They therefore have different mass numbers.
Term
J.J. Thomson
Definition
After ___ discovered the electron, the proposed the plum pudding model of the atom, in which teh electrons are embedded in a sphere of positive charge.
Term
Ernest Rutherford
Definition
_____ disproved the plum pudding model in his landmark experiment. he proposed a new atomic model that had all of the positive charge andmost of the mass inside a tiny central nucleus and the electrons outside the nucleus.
Term
Electromagnetic radiation
Definition
When energized, atoms emit different wavelengths of _____ that are characteristic of each element.
Term
Niels Bohr
Definition
___ used the fact that different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are emitted when elements are energized to propose a new model for the atom.
Term
Energy levels
Definition
In the solar system model, electrons circle the nucleus in orbits, which are also called ________
Term
The Ground state
Definition
Atoms normally exist in the _____, with electrons in the lowest energy levels possible.
Term
An exciting state
Definition
An electron can "jump" from lower energy levels to higher ones upon absorbing energy, creating _______.
Term
Released
Definition
When the electron returns to its original energy level, energy is ____
Term
Electromagnetic radiation
Definition
Because different atoms have different gaps between the energy levels, different atoms vary in the ______ of the electromagnetic radiation they release upon return to the ground state.
Term
Orbitals
Definition
_______ represent a volume of space where the electrons can be found.
Term
orbitals
Definition
Bohr's orbits were later replaced with ___
Term
Orbitals
Definition
Each energy level has a defined set of _____, the number of which varies depending on the energy level
Term
Electronic Configuration
Definition
The arrangement of electrons in orbitals is the _____ of an atom, which determines the chemistry of an atom.
Term
Electrons fill the lower energy levels first
Definition
To determine the electronic configuration of an atom, count up the number of electrons and then assign them to orbitals based on the following guidline:

Electrons fill the ____ levels first
Term
An orbital holds no more than two electrons.
Definition
To determine the electronic configuration of an atom, count up the number of electrons and then assign them to orbitals based on the following guidline:

An orbiatl holds no more than _____ electrons.
Term
Electrons spread out among orbitals of equal energy rather than doubling up.
Definition
To determine the electronic configuration of an atom, count up the number of electrons and then assign them to orbitals based on the following guidline:

Electrons spread out among orbitals ______ rather than doubling up.
Term
The outer shell
Definition
The highest occupied energy level.
Term
Valence electrons
Definition
The highest occupied energy level (the outer shell) contains the ________, which determine the chemistry of an atom
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