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Definition
- Quantitative Observation
- Comparison based on an accepted scale
- Has 2 parts--the number and the unit |
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Definition
- Technique used to express very large/small numbers
- based on powers of 10 |
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Definition
- Technique used to express very large/small numbers
- based on powers of 10 |
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Definition
| - The amount of three dimensional space occupied by a substance |
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Definition
| - a ratio of the 2 parts of the statement that relates the 2 units |
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| - Changing from one unit to another via conversion factors |
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- The amount of matter present in a given volume of substance
- d = m/v |
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| - the ratio of the density of a given liquid to the density of water at 4 degrees celcius |
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Definition
| - the part of the universe that has mass and volume |
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Definition
1) Solid- rigid, has a fixed shape and volume
2) Liquid- has a definite volume, but takes shape of container
3) Gas- has no fixed volume or shpae, takes the shape and volume of container |
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Term
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Definition
- Characteristics of the substance under observation
- properties are: directly observable
: the way something interacts with other substances in the universe
ex. Chemical and Physical |
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Definition
- The characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing its composition
- Characteristics that are directly observable |
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Definition
- The characteristics that determine how the compostion of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter of the influence of energy
- Characteristics that describe the behavior of matter |
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Term
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Definition
- Changes to matter that do not result in a change to the fundamental componenets that make up the substance
- State changes, boiling, melting, condensing |
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Term
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Definition
- Changes that involve a change in the fundamental components of the substance
- Produce new substances, chemical reactions occur, reactants-->prodcuts
- Chemical changes involve a chemical reaction--at least one new substance is formed. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
- Most substances are chemical combinations of elements.
- Can be broken down into elements
- Same chemical composition all the time
- Properties of the compound not related to the properties of the elements that compose it |
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Term
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Definition
- uniform throughout, appears to be one thing
- pure substances
- Solutions (homogeneous mixtures) |
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Term
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Definition
| - non-uniform, contains regions with different properties than other regions |
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Term
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Definition
- All samples have the same physical and chemical properties
- Constant composition: all samples have the same composition
- Homogeneous
- Separate into components based on chemical properties |
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Definition
- Different samples may show different properties
- Variable composition
- Homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Separate into components based on physical properties
- All mixtures are made of pure substances |
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Term
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Definition
- a homogeneous mixture
- phase can be gaseous, liquid, or solid |
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Term
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Definition
| - the method for separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components |
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Term
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Definition
| - a method for separating the components of a mixture containing a solid and a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
- Elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms
- All atoms of a given element are identical
- Atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element
- Law of constant Composition |
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Term
Law of Constant Composition
(Daltons Atomic Theory) |
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Definition
- all samples of a compound contain the same proportions (by mass) of the elements that form the compound
- all atoms present at beginning are present at the end
- atoms are not created or destroyed, just rearranged in chemical reactions
- atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element |
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Term
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Definition
- Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons
- All atoms of an element have the same number of protons
- All isotopes of an element are chemically identical
- Isotopes of an element have different masses
- isotopes are identified by their mass numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| - the number of protons in an atom of a given element |
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Definition
- about 75% of all the elements
- lustrous, malleable, ductile, conduct heat/electricity |
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Definition
| - dull, brittle, insulators |
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Definition
- also known as semi-metals
- some properties of both metals and non-metals |
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Term
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Definition
- ions that have a positive charge
- form when an atom loses electrons |
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Definition
- ions that have a negative charge
- form when an atom gains electrons |
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Definition
| - Whenever a compound forms between a metal and a nonmetal, it can be expected to contain ions |
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Term
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Definition
| - An atom with a dense center of positive charge (the nucleus) around which tiny electrons moved in a space that was otherwise empty |
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Definition
| - Families of elements with similar chemical properties that lie in the same vertical column on the periodic table |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| - A large collection of elements that spans many vertical columns |
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Definition
| - Molecules made up of two atoms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- The quantity of matter present in an object.
- Fundamental SI unit of mass is the kilogram |
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Term
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Definition
| - the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo. |
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