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Checklist of Cognitive Errors
Burns (1985)
12
Psychology
Not Applicable
08/03/2013

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Cards

Term
All or nothing thinking
Definition
You look at things in absolute, black-and-white categories.
Term
Overgeneralization
Definition
You view negative events as a never-ending pattern of defeat.
Term
Mental filter
Definition
You dwell on the negatives and ignore the positives
Term
Discounting the positives
Definition
You insist that your accomplishments or positive qualities "don't count."
Term
Mind reading (jumping to conclusions)
Definition
You assume that people are reacting negatively to you when there is no definite evidence for this;
Term
Fortune telling (jumping to conclusions)
Definition
You arbitrarily predict that things will turn out badly.
Term
Magnification
Definition
You blow things out of proportion.
Term
Minimization
Definition
You shrink the importance of things inappropriately.
Term
Emotional reasoning
Definition
You reason from how you feel: "I feel like an idiot, so I really must be one." Or "I don't feel like doing this, so I'll put it off."
Term
Should statements
Definition
You criticize yourself or other people with "shoulds" or "shouldn'ts." "Musts" and "oughts" are similar offenders.
Term
Labelling
Definition
You label yourself or others as a "jerk", "stupid", "alcoholic" etc. In other words, rather than disliking certain behaviours that you or others engage in, you put a broad unchangeable label on them. This is unhelpful because there is no room for improvement.
Term
Personalization
Definition
You blame yourself for something you weren't entirely responsible for, or you blame other people and overlook ways that your own attitudes and behavior might have contributed to the problem.
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