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| A set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that guide researchers in creating questions to investigate, in generating evidence, and in drawing conclusions |
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| Verifiable evidence that is based upon objective observation, measurement, and/or experimentation. |
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| The active process of minimizing preconceptions and biases while evaluating evidence, determining the conclusions that can reasonably be drawn from evidence, and considering alternative explanations for research findings or other phenomena. |
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| a factor that can vary, or change, in ways that can be observed, measured, and verified. |
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| A precise description of how the variables in a study will be manipulated or measured. |
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| A branch of maathematics used by researchers to organize, summarize, and interpret data. |
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| STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT |
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| A mathematical indication that research results are not very likely to have occurred by chance. |
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| A statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends. |
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| To repeat or duplicate a scientific study in order to increase confidence in the validity of the original findings. |
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| A tentative explanation that tries to integrate and account for the relationship of various findings and observations. |
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| DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH METHODS |
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| Scientific procedures that involve systemtically observing behavior in order to describe the relationship among behaviors and events. |
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| Fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no scientific evidence. |
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| A intensive study of a single individual or small group of individuals. |
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| A questionnaire or interview designed to investigate the opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group. |
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| The systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural setting. |
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| A selected segment that very closely parallels the larger population being studied. |
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| Process in which subjects are selected randomly from a larger group such that every group member has an equal chance of being included in the study. |
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| CORRELATIONAL COEFFICIENT |
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| A numerical indication of the magnitude and direction of the relationship (the correlation)between two variables. |
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| A research strategy that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other. |
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| A finding that two factors vary systematically in the same direction, increasing or decreasing together. |
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| A finding that two factors vary systematically in opposite directions, one increasing as the other decreases. |
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| A method of investigation used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor. |
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| The purposely manipulated factor thought to produce change in an experiment; also called the treatment variable. |
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| The factor that is observed and measured for change in an experiment;thought to be influenced by the independent variable; also called the outcome variable. |
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