Term
| What were the positive and negative results of Charlemagne's long war in Saxony? |
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Definition
Negative - Charlemagne ordered a massacre of several thousand Saxon warriors Positive - Saxon leader Widukind accepted Christianity |
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Term
| What was the result of Charlemagne's war in Spain against the Muslims? |
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Definition
| Charlemagne and his generals conquered a strip of territory south of the Pyrenees called the "Spanish March." This territory became an effective buffer between the Frankish kingdoms and the Muslims of Spain. |
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Term
| What was the Carolingian Renaissance, and what was it's most important legacy? |
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Definition
| The Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural revival during the reign of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. It's most important legacy was Alcuin's reform of handwriting. He founded a scriptorium at the monastery of St. Martin at Tours. He produced carefully edited texts of the Bible and various liturgical works in the new handwriting. |
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Term
| Coronation of 800 and ALL of the discussions surrounding it (including the reactions, motivations, and the east) |
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Definition
The Pope's Motivation - Pope Leo III needed a permanent protector and a friendly Roman emperor who could legitimize papal authority over the Byzantine empire in central Italy. Charlemagne's Motivation - Charlemagne wanted to assert a position of equality with the Byzantine empire. Charlemagne's reaction - Einhard said the king was so angry after the coronation that he declared he would never have entered the church on that day had he known the pope's intention. Reaction in the east - Charlemane was determined that the Byzantine government should acknowledge him as a true emperor. He waged a series of campaigns against the Greek Isles until, in 813, the emperor Michael I gave way and sent emissaries who formally greeted Charles as emperor and basileus. |
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Term
| What types of administrative and governmental reforms did Charlemagne introduce into his kingdom? |
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Definition
Charlemagne's sons were titular kings of various parts of the state. He created officials known as missi dominici to survey a section of the realm to determine the loyalty of the numerous officers. He implemented imperial decrees known as capitularies that dealt with such matters as the obligation of military service and the dutues of the bishop. |
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Term
| What were the principal causes of the decline of the Carolingian dynasty? What was the treaty of Verdun, and what did the regional boundaries foreshawod? |
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Definition
The causes of the decline of the Carolingian dynasty include the death of Charlemagne and riads from the Vikings and Magyars. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 divided the kingdom of Louis the Pious into three territories for his three sons. It would be difficult for a single leader to ever reassemble the three territories into one kingdom. |
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